1. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
14th Edition
CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to the Human Body
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Introduction
The purpose of the chapter is to:
Introduce the disciplines of anatomy and physiology
Discuss the organization of the human body
Reveal shared properties of all living things
Discuss the concept of homeostasis
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Anatomy vs. Physiology
Anatomy is the study of structure whereas physiology is the study of how body structures function
Word is derived from the Greek and means “to cut” or “cutting backwards” (putting things together from slices).
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4. Levels of Structural Organization & Body Systems
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5. Systems of the Human Body
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6. Systems of the Human Body
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7. Systems of the Human Body
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8. Systems of the Human Body
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9. Systems of the Human Body
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10. Systems of the Human Body
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11. Clinical Connection: Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques
Palpation, auscultation, and percussion are used to assess certain aspects of body structure and function
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Basic Life Processes
All living things have certain characteristics that distinguish them from nonliving things
Life processes in humans include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction
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13. Clinical Connection: Autopsy
An autopsy is a postmortem examination of the body and dissection of its internal organs to confirm or determine cause of death
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is a condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body’s internal environment
Homeostasis is maintained by regulatory processes
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15. Homeostasis & Body Fluids
The survival of our body cells is dependent on the precise regulation of the chemical composition of their surrounding fluid
This fluid is known as extracellular fluid
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Homeostasis
Interactions Animation:
Communication, Regulation, and Homeostasis
You must be connected to the Internet and in Slideshow Mode to run this animation.
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17. Control of Homeostasis
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18. Control of Homeostasis: Negative Feedback
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19. Control of Homeostasis: Positive Feedback
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20. Homeostatic Imbalances
When homeostasis is disrupted disease, disorder, and even death may result
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21. Basic Anatomical Terminology
Body positions
Regional names
Directional terms
Planes and sections
Body cavities
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Body Positions
Anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical reference
Person stands erect, facing the observer, the upper extremities are places at the sides, the palms of the hands are turned forward, and the feet are flat on the floor
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Regional Names
Regional names are names given to specific regions of the body for reference
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Directional Terms
Directional terms are used to precisely locate one part of the body relative to another
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Planes & Sections
Planes are imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body
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26. Practicing Planes & Sections
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Body Cavities
Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs
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28. Thoracic Cavity Serous Membranes
The pericardium and pleura cover the heart and lungs, respectively
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29. Thoracic Cavity Serous Membranes
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30. Abdominal Cavity Serous Membrane
The peritoneum, covers many of the abdominal organs
The visceral membrane covers the organs
The parietal layer lines the abdominal wall
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31. Abdominopelvic Regions & Quadrants
The abdominal cavity can be divided into 9 regions to easily describe the location of organs
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Medical Imaging
Medical imaging involves techniques that allow physicians to view images of the human body
This allows physicians to diagnose anatomical and physiological abnormalities
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33. Medical Imaging Procedures
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34. Medical Imaging Procedures
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35. Medical Imaging Procedures
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36. Medical Imaging Procedures
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37. Medical Imaging Procedures
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38. Medical Imaging Procedures
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End of Chapter 1
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