2. The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1815) Creating a New France WEX II Chapter 2, Section 2

3. Creating a New France At the end of this section, I will be able to answer the following questions:  How did popular uprisings contribute to the French Revolution?  What political and social reforms emerged in the early states of the revolution?  How did people outside France respond to the revolution?  Vocabulary: émigré, sans-culotte

4. Creating a New France The French Revolution can be divided into four (4) phases:  Moderate phase of the National Assembly – France became a constitutional monarchy  (1789-1791)  Radical phase leading to the Reign of Terror  (1792-1794)  Reaction against extremism – The Directory  ( 1795-1799)  The Age of Napoleon  (1799-1815)

5. Creating a New France Phase 1, the National Assembly  What was happening in France in 1789? –Worst famine in memory –Prices for grain soared –People paid 80% of their pay for bread

6. Creating a New France The “Great Fear” - rumors ran wild  Flocks of starving peasants attacking towns and villages for food  Troops seizing peasants crops  Defiant peasants attacking homes of nobles –Burning old manor records –Stealing grain from storehouses

7. Creating a New France  Paris became a revolutionary center  Moderates looked toward Marquis de Lafayette for leadership –“Hero of two worlds” –Fought along side George Washington –Headed the National Guard  They wore the tricolor – red, white, & blue  The tricolor became the national flag

8. Creating a New France The Radicals looked for more extremist groups:  The Paris Commune took the place of the royalist government in Paris –They could mobilize whole neighborhoods for violent action  Extremist newspapers and political clubs were everywhere –Some demanded an end to monarchy

9. Creating a New France August 4 th, The National Assembly got the nobles to give up their privileges: –Gave up manorial dues –Ended exclusive hunting rights –Gave up special legal status –Even agreed to pay taxes  This satisfied a key Enlightenment goal – the equality of citizens before the law

10. Creating a New France  Later in August, they wrote the Declaration of Rights of Man –All men were “born and remain free and equal in rights” –Natural rights to “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression” –Modeled after the U.S. Declaration of Independence  This satisfied another key Enlightenment goal – – Governments exist to protect the natural rights of citizens

11. Creating a New France The Declaration of the Rights of Man stated –All male citizens were equal before law –Each man had an equal right to hold office –Freedom of Religion –Taxes to be levied based upon a person’s ability to pay  Slogan, “Life, liberty, and fraternity”

12. Creating a New France However, things didn’t get better fast.  Louis XVI was slow to accept the reforms  Parisians became more suspicious as more royal troops surrounded the city  Nobles continued to enjoy gala banquets  People were still starving  Anger continued to grow, leading to action

13. Creating a New France The Parisian women loose their patience.  On October 5 th,thousands of woman march from Paris to Versailles  Demand to see the King  The king agree to go with them to Paris  Return to Paris with the King, Marie Antoinette, and their son

14. Creating a New France What did they do with the King and his family?  Royal family stayed at Tuileries Palace  Prisoners in his own capital  Women continue to take action during the revolution

15. Creating a New France  The National Assembly moves to Paris and drafted a constitution: –Reorganize the Church –Sell church lands –Put the Catholic Church under state control

16. Creating a New France  Civil Constitution of the Clergy – 1790 –Bishops & priests were elected salaried officials –Ended Papal authority over the French Church –Dissolved convents and monasteries

17. Creating a New France How did the world react?  Many Bishops & priests refused to accept the Civil Constitution  The pope condemned it  Many peasants rejected it –When the government punished clergy who refused to support the Civil Constitution, the peasants became upset with the government

18. Creating a New France The French Constitution of 1791  Established a constitutional monarchy  New legislature had the power to –Make laws –Collect taxes –Decide on issues of warfare & peace –Lawmakers were elected by tax-paying males citizens  50,000 of 27 million could run for Assembly

19. Creating a New France What changes did the legislature make?  Replaced with 83 provinces with departments  Abolished old provincial courts  Reformed laws  Protected private property  Supported free trade  Compensated nobles for land taken  Forbade guilds & strikes

20. Creating a New France The king and family decide to escape.  Leave Paris in disguise  They were discovered in a small town by a soldier who recognized Marie Antoinette  When they were returned to Paris, the people thought they were traiters to the revolution

21. Creating a New France What was the reaction outside of France?  Supporters of the Enlightenment applauded  European rulers & nobles denounced the French Revolution –They called it the “French Plague” –Horror stories were told by the émigrés  Nobles, clergy, & others who fled the revolution –Enlightened rulers turned against French ideas

22. Creating a New France How did Marie Antoinette's brother react to news of their failed attempts to flee Paris?  Her brother was the king of Prussia and emperor of Austria –Issued the Declaration of Pilnitz –Threatened to intervene to protect French monarchy, if necessary –Declaration was intended to be a bluff, but revolutionaries in France prepared for war

23. Creating a New France How did the new assembly do?  Lasted less than 1 year due to –Severe economic problems –Prices rose rapidly –Shortages –hoarding

24. Creating a New France Who were the sans-culottes (http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=sans-culottes&submit=Submit) http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=sans-culottes&submit=Submit  Working class men & women who pushed the revolution into more radical action –They demanded a republic and a government to guarantee them a living wage –Found support radical legislatures –appealed to the Jacobins –Mostly middle class lawyers or intellectuals

25. Creating a New France How did the different legislators react?  Members with similar views sat together –Right - people who felt that they had changed enough –Center – supporters of moderate reform –Left – people who wanted to abolish the monarchy & other radical changes including the Jacobins  There terms are still used today

26. Creating a New France  How did this conflict show itself in April 1792?  Legislature wanted to fight tyranny abroad, so it declared war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, and other states  France fought off and on for the next 23 years

27. Creating a New France  Marquis de Lafayette http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aieGJwqNFwM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aieGJwqNFwM  Horrible History http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OSv5it5VnY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OSv5it5VnY

28. Creating a New France