1. 1920’s The Roaring Twenties

2. Cultural Clashes of the 1920s

3. Nativism & radicals Began w/ Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 Small communist community in America Many Americans believed labor troubles resulted from militant Bolsheviks Seattle (1919) strike

4. Billy Sunday “ Fire & Brimstone” Christian evangelist ALLHelped spark anti- red sentiment by declaring ALL Bolsheviks should be thrown in jail

5. Red Scare -- A. Mitchell Palmer First scare began from 1919-1920 First scare began from 1919-1920 Nationwide crusade against “left-wingers” Nationwide crusade against “left-wingers” Specifically was a crusade against suspected anti- Americans Specifically was a crusade against suspected anti- Americans Strong sense of nationalism Strong sense of nationalism U.S. Attorney General U.S. Attorney General Quaker Quaker Rounded up thousands of suspects during scare (6000) Rounded up thousands of suspects during scare (6000) Later people tried to bomb his house which only added to RED crusade!! Later people tried to bomb his house which only added to RED crusade!!

6. Sacco & Vanzetti  Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti (Shoe & fish workers) were convicted of 1921 murder of Mass. Paymaster  Jury & judge prejudiced because they were Italian, atheists, anarchists, & draft dodgers  Case lasted for 6 years  Each sent to electric chair despite seriously weak case against them

7. Ku Klux Klan  Blossomed again in the 1920s  Anti-everything!!  Foreign, pacifist, Jewish, Communist, gambling, bootlegging, Catholic, birth control, etc.  PRO: Anglo-Saxon, Native American, & Protestant Christian  Especially popular in MW  Indiana & Bible Belt  Violent, intolerant, corrupt

8. Emergency Quota Act & Immigration Act (1924) Made in 1921 Restricted newcomers from Europe Definite quota of 3% by 1910 Favorable to southern & eastern Europeans because of prior immigration Cut quota to 2% Shifted counting from 1910 census to 1890 Japanese completely shut out Exemptions were Canadians & Latin Americans 1st time US regulated all immigration

9. American Economics & Developments in America

10. Mass-consumption economy Secretary of Treasury (Andrew) Mellon’s tax policies favored rapid expansion of capital investment Assembly line production perfected by Henry Ford’s River Rouge Plant Automobile becomes driving force of the 1920’s economic boom Changed character of the country--more focused on consumption and moved away from mass transportation Advertising became prevalent & commercialized Buying on credit was invented/created New rise in individual debts New technological advancements were made

11. River Rouge Plant

12. Putting America on Rubber Tires Detroit becomes the center of industry Detroit becomes the center of industry “scientific management” basis of production “scientific management” basis of production Ford’s baby was the Model T (Tin Lizzie) Ford’s baby was the Model T (Tin Lizzie) Very affordable Very affordable Average American could purchase Average American could purchase 1920: 8.1 million1929: 26.7 million 1920: 8.1 million1929: 26.7 million One in every 4.9 Americans owned an automobile in the 20’s--much higher than the rest of the world One in every 4.9 Americans owned an automobile in the 20’s--much higher than the rest of the world

13. Model T

14. Advent of the Gasoline Age 6 million people directly or indirectly employed Standard of living in America rose rapidly Petroleum business booms: CA, TX, OK Railroads left behind Farmers did well w/ improved transportation More leisure hours w/ commuter nation

15. Humans Develop Wings Wright brothers Wright brothers 1st flight on 12-17-1903 in Kitty Hawk, NC After WW1--private companies began to manufacture commuter planes Charles Lindbergh’s Charles Lindbergh’s flight makes planes “popular” Becomes legendary hero for America Military technology added & “globalized” the world in the 1920’s

17. 1st Flight

19. The Radio Revolution  Guglielmo Marconi  Guglielmo Marconi invents in 1890s  Develops over next 25 years  Long-distance broadcasting possible  “national programs”--linked Americans together  Vehicle for free enterprise  Sports increased in popularity  Politicians changed their speaking patterns  News, music & more made way into homes

21. Hollywood “Filmland” Fantasies The Great Train RobberyThe Great Train Robbery-1st nickelodeon The Birth of a NationThe Birth of a Nation-glorified KKK during Reconstruction Hang the Kaiser“Hang the Kaiser”--WW1 films The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer--1st talkie Outperformed all other entertainment Movie “stars” were created Made the mass media much more influential

22. Famous posters & photos of the 1920s movie age

23. Dynamic Decade More Americans lived in urban areas vs. rural areas for 1st time in history Women find growing employment Margaret Sanger Margaret Sanger introduces contraceptives Fundamentalist churches grow in power Ads cater to “sexual allure” to sell products Flappers Flappers become the symbol of the new youth Many “taboos” go out the window Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance begins with NYC