1. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 1 Wave Properties A wave is defined as a continuously repeating change or oscillation in matter or in a physical field by which energy is transmitted. It is characterised by -its wavelength – -its frequency -its amplitude

2. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 2 Components of a Light Wave

3. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 3 Electromagnetic Spectrum

4. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 4 Photoelectric Effect

5. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 5 Line Spectra of Some Elements

6. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 6 Bohr Orbits According to the Bohr Theory, the electron in a hydrogen atom can only be found in one of these orbits. Each orbit has a specific energy value.

7. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 7 Line Spectra of Hydrogen

8. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 8 Electron Density Distribution Dot density represents electron density. Regions of high electron density represent a high probability of finding the electron in that region

9. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 9 Electron Spin If a charged particle spins it will create a tiny magnetic field. This is what electrons do. This spin creates a split in atomic spectra of atoms. In 1924, it was proved that electrons do spin. It was observed that there is a 50-50 distribution of spin, i.e. 50% of electrons spin in a clockwise manner, and the other 50% in an anticlockwise manner.

10. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 10 Boundary Surface Diagram of Orbitals

11. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 11 Orbital Energies Single-electron atomsMany-electron atoms

12. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 12 The Aufbau Principle Using this diagram, we can distribute electrons among orbitals in an atom. Remember that there might be exceptions in rare instances.