1. Canada in 1945 A New World Order

2. Post War Europe Many countries are rebuilding In need of aid from North America Germany divided into 4 zones occupied by allies Berlin in Soviet Zone

3. The United Nations The Big Five (US, Britain, France, China, and the USSR formed the United nations Delegates from 51 nations gathered in April 1945 to form the UN “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”

4. Goals of the UN To keep world peace and prevent war To help advance justice and law throughout the world To defend human rights and promote equality To encourage friendly relations

5. Superpowers New term - Super powers USA and the USSR (The Soviet Union) Both had wealth, large geography, population, and military and nuclear might Ideologically – they were opposite No trust, a belief that the other side was evil. Canada was considered a “middle power”

6. Soviet expansion in Europe USSR under Stalin had occupied all the countries between Russia and West Germany – and turned them into communist states. Known as the “Eastern Bloc” http://news.bbc.co.uk /2/shared/spl/hi/euro pe/02/euro_borders/h tml/8.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk /2/shared/spl/hi/euro pe/02/euro_borders/h tml/8.stm

7. The Truman Doctrine Harry Truman, president of the US in 1947, came up with guiding principles to American foreign policy (quote on pf 269) US will help nations that are subjected to communist regimes overthrow their governments Declaration of a “cold War”

8. How do you fight a Cold War? Espionage Propaganda Economic and political pressure Implied military aggression Scare tactics

9. Anti American Soviet propaganda

12. Igor Gouzenko Sept. 1945 Clerk with the Soviet embassy walked out with papers that proved that Soviets were spying in Canada He was ignored, then when his apartment on Somerset street was searched, he was believed http://maps.google.ca/maps?ie=UTF8&q=igor+gouzenko+somerset+st+&safe=on&t=h&z=16 He defected to Canada Significance- showed that Canada was a player (we had secrets that others wanted to know)

13. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Alliance of democratic nations in North Atlantic formed in 1947 Originally12 nations signed a treaty for mutual defense Each member would contribute army, navy, and air force

14. Soviet Response – The Warsaw Pact USSR claimed that NATO was not needed – Soviet Union was not a threat In 1955 formed the Warsaw Pact Soviet satellite countries agreed to defend each other if a a member was attacked

15. The Iron Curtain – keep people in and information out “ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia ; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. “ Winston Churchill March 5, 1946 (28.21) http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/winstonchurchillsi newsofpeace.htm