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PC Internal Components Lesson 4
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Intel is perhaps the most recognizable microprocessor manufacturer. List some others.
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Define the term Microprocessor and its importance to a PC. Identify the internal components of a PC. Define computer bus and identify the different parts of the bus. Understand cache memory and how it works. Recognize the different types of computer ports.
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http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microp rocessor.htm http://computer.howstuffworks.com/microp rocessor.htm
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November 1971 - 3 Intel engineers invented the world’s first commercial microprocessor, the 4004 2,300 transistors Performed 60,000 calculations/second Microprocessor has become the most complex mass-produced product ever developed
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Intel’s based on CISC – Complex Instruction Set Computing Uses commands that incorporate many small instructions to carry out a single operation Also: DEC Alpha, IBM’s RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), Cyrix Chips, AMD Chips,etc.
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Largest circuit board inside the PC Contains millions of electronic circuit elements on chips of silicon Expansion sockets or slots (known as the Bus), permitting installation of additional circuit boards
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Physical arrangement Computer’s basic circuitry and components Circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface Popular design is the AT, based on the IBM AT motherboard The ATX improves on the AT design
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In both types the computer components included in the mother board are: Microprocessor, Coprocessors (optional), Memory, BIOS, Expansion Slots and Interconnecting Circuitry (bus)
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Additional components added to a through expansion slots (RAM). Electronic interface between the motherboard and the smaller boards or cards in the expansion slots is called the bus.
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Physical device that allows one hardware or electronic interface to be adapted to another Adapter is often built into a card that can be inserted into a slot Adapts information that is exchanged between the microprocessor and the devices (Video, Printer, Fax, Modems)
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Add capability to a computer in the form of connection pinholes and a place to fit an expansion card Specialized capability such as video acceleration, sound, or disk drive control Most desktops come with a set of expansion slots
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ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) PCIE (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) RAM
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Distributes electricity to the various components of the PC system Electrical cord plugged into Includes a fan that cools the internal components
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Path between components of a computer. Electronic pathway along which signals are sent from one part of a computer to another 2 main buses in a computer 1. Internal (or System) Bus 2. External (or Expansion) Bus
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1. Internal (or System) Bus: ◦ Resides on the motherboard ◦ Connects the CPU to other devices on the motherboard 2. External (or Expansion) Bus: ◦ Connects external devices to the CPU ◦ Cables are plugged into the bus
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2 Parts 1. Data Bus Transfers all of the data Group of parallel wires, affects the speed 2. Address Bus Transfers memory addresses Where the data is read and written to
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Moving data between RAM and the CPU’s registers is time consuming Cache memory is similar to RAM, except that it is extremely fast compared to normal memory and is used in a different way
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CPU RAM CACHE Could also be a chip next to CPU System Bus
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Parallel Interface ◦ 8 or more wires through which data bits can flow simultaneously. ◦ Examples: Printers & Scanners. Serial Interface ◦ Data bits are transmitted one at a time through a single wire ◦ Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) converts parallel data from the bus into serial ◦ Examples: Modem & Fax machines.
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SCSI - Small Computer System Interface (scuzzy) ◦ Extends the bus outside the computer by way of a cable ◦ Like an extension cord for the data bus USB – Universal Serial Bus ◦ Standard now with all PC’s ◦ Allows 127 devices to be connected to the bus via a single port
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IEEE 1394 FireWire ◦ Extends the system bus to many peripheral devices through a single port ◦ Expensive to use. It used for plugging video and other high-data-throughout devices MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ◦ Group of musical instrument manufacturers developed the technology to enable electronic instruments to communicate
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PC Cards ◦ About the size of a credit card ◦ Fit into a slot on the back or side of a notebook computer ◦ Some types of Digital Cameras accept PC Cards ◦ Used for a wide variety of purposes ◦ Modems, network cards, memory, hard drives
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Compare/Contrast at least 4 different microprocessors. Choose different manufacturers (Intel, AMD, TI, etc.) Include speed, characteristics, similarities, differences, etc. You may work with a partner. Hand in when completed.
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Work on your projects with your partner. Due Thursday 9/11 Directions
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