1. 1937 View: relatively undisturbed stream. Marsh (with stream running down middle) runs from railroad tracks to Lake Champlain Deforested, partially industrialized land. No apparent artificial stream containment. 1999 View: stream all but gone. Area between railroad tracks and lake largely developed (mostly residential). Stream contained in three ponds, with a combined surface area of ~ 3800 m 2. Small marsh at the intersection of Flynn Ave. and Oakbeach Dr. Only small part (<100 m) of original stream near the lake undisturbed. Containment of a Stream Over Time at Oakledge Park, Burlington VT Oakledge Park Resort from 1929-1961, park since 1971. Where the bikepath enters the park, a small stream runs from a culvert under Flynn Avenue, across a small, low-lying wedge of woods, and into another culvert before flowing into the lake. Aerial photographs from 1937 show a small, unnamed stream running from the railroad tracks to the lake on the north end of the property. Question: a stream is clearly visible in the 1937 aerial photograph, but has largely vanished by 1999. What happened to the stream in the interim time? Burlington, Vermont, and the location of Oakledge ParkFlynn Avenue and the environs of Oakledge Park Interim stages of development: stream in 1962 (above) and 1988 (below). Current stream: GPS Coordinates: 4924080 N 0641245 Runs ~80 m through woods. Average width of 2 m, average depth of 20 cm. Channel constrained mostly by vegetation. Evidence of other channels across the floodplain (exposed roots, standing water). Poorly defined banks. Champlain Sea sediment. Discharge:.019 m 3 /s Manning’s n:.058 Sources: Governers Institute of Vermont, 2003. Science and Technology: Oakledge. http://www.uvm.edu/giv/2003/summer03/summerwebfolder/oakledge/webpages/mainpage.htm University of Vermont Landscape Change Project/ Governers Institute of Vermont. Oakledge Park History Site. http://www.uvm.edu/oakledge/ Claire Leonard, Department of Geology, University of Vermont, 2005 Stream channel change over time 1999 view with stream channel overlays from three previous photos. Pond boundaries largely coincide with edges of 1937 marsh. Channel has meandered all over small floodplain north of Flynn Ave. Lake shoreline has retreated. 1988 ponds mostly coincident with 1962 pond and current ponds. Culvert under bikepath constructed post-1962. Current stream splits: draining higher elevation pond down Oakbeach Dr. and northern ponds directly into the marsh. Marsh at intersection of Oakbeach and Flynn has been present in some form throughout. Interim stages of development: stream in 1962 (above) and 1988 (below). 1937 View: relatively undisturbed stream. Marsh (with stream running down middle) runs from railroad tracks to Lake Champlain Deforested, partially industrialized land. No apparent artificial stream containment. 1999 View: stream all but gone. Area between railroad tracks and lake largely developed (mostly residential). Stream contained in three ponds, with a combined surface area of ~ 3800 m 2. Small marsh at the intersection of Flynn Ave. and Oakbeach Dr. Only small part (<100 m) of original stream near the lake undisturbed. The stream has been contained into ponds and culverts as the area has been developed. Little of the original stream remains.