1. Making Tea with Smart Growth: The Fall of Statewide Growth Management in Florida Samuel R. Staley, Ph.D. DeVoe L. Moore Center & Randall G. Holcombe Deparment of Economics Florida State University Presentation Prepared for the Preserving the American Dream annual conference, Washington, DC, October 28, 2013. e. sstaley@fsu.edu

2. The Goal of Statewide Growth Management is to Expand Political Control Over Land Development Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20132 Economic Social/Cultural Politics

3. Florida’s Growth Management Struggles YearPopulation Change 1920968,470 19301,468,211 499,741 19401,897,414 429,203 19502,771,305 873,891 19604,951,560 2,180,255 19706,789,443 1,837,883 19809,746,324 2,956,881 199012,937,936 3,191,612 200015,982,378 3,044,442 201219,317,569 6,379,633 Population Growth Congestion Urban infrastructure Environmental degradation Lower housing affordability Solution: Growth Management (1985) Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20133

4. Hallmarks of Florida Growth Management Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20134 Started in 1970s; modified in 1985 Consistency:  top down planning  Compliance with State Plan Concurrency Anti-sprawl  Compact development

5. DCA determinations for Florida’s Submitted Plans Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20135

6. DCA determinations for Florida’s Submitted Plans Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20136

7. Costs of conventional planning Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20137 Development approval is lengthy Substantial upfront costs for entitlement and approval Housing markets are less dynamic, resilient and innovative Zoning is largely ineffective and serves to promote existing land uses

8. The heavy hand of state government planning Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20138 Compliance was negotiated  Cities: 2-4 years  Counties: 2 years DCA evaluated plans based on their ability to advance state goals  Not just compliance Concurrency prevented new development  Amendments allowed twice per year  Restricted current lands  Limited adding supply of new land

9. Housing affordability in Florida plummeted through out the 2000s Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 20139

10. Effects of state planning on housing prices Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201310

11. Public attention began to focus on these effects Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201311 Public resistance  Large land developers  Local elected officials  Property Rights coalitions Academic research showed the weaknesses of the act  DeVoe Moore Center  James Madison Institute Initiatives began to fail at the ballot box  Bipartisan resistance to Hometown Democracy

12. Florida’s Housing Market Collapse Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201312

13. Rick Scott’s Ascendance Elected in 2010 with strong Tea Party support  Cut spending and taxes  Cut spending for education  Opposed Obamacare No friend of Smart Growth  Rejected federal spending for high-speed rail  Dismantled the Dept of Community Affairs Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201313

14. Was the dismantling of DCA a Tea Party victory? Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201314 Tea Party created a broad base of support for shrinking government Tea Party as not influential in dismantling DCA  Reform was quick and an inside job Tea Party was weak in governance  Did not give strategic direction to reform efforts  Tea Party focus was on other, larger issues Tea Party support was politically necessary but not sufficient for implementation

15. Critical roles for the Tea Party Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201315 Raising awareness Providing popular political support Strategic policy focus Grass roots connection All of the above were crucial toward creating a political climate that allowed the dismantlement of the DCA

16. Thank You! Samuel R. Staley, Ph.D. DeVoe L. Moore Center, FSU e. sstaley@fsu.edusstaley@fsu.edu www.coss.fsu.edu/dmc Staley & Holcombe, Florida State University 28 October 201316