1. SIDE GROUP NAME CONDENCED FORMULA STRUCTURAL FORMULA METHYLCH 3 ETHYLC2H5C2H5 PROPYLC3H7C3H7 CHLOROClsame BROMOBrsame IODOIsame c H H H c H H H c H H c H cc HHH HHH

2. ALKANES (C n H 2n+2 ) 1.THE INTER CARBON BONDS ARE ALL SINGLE. 2.COMPOSED OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON (HYDROCARBON). 3.DEFINED BY THE EQUATION C n H 2n+2 4.NONPOLAR AND INSOLLUBLE IN WATER. 5.REACTIONS ARE VERY SLOW. 6.FUELS FOR COMBUSTION REACTIONS. 7.HYDROGENS CAN BE REMOVED AND SUBSTITUTED FOR BY HALOGENS FORMMING HALOCARBONS. 8.ALKANES HOLD AS MANY HYDROGENS AS POSSIBLE AND ARE TERMED SATURATED WITH RESPECT TO H.

3. C H H C H H HH LONGEST UNBROKEN CARBON CHAIN: 3 CARBONS PROP…. ♫ note: all carbon to carbon (C-C) are single – alkane! This compound follows C n H 2n+2 ( C 3 H 6+2 ) C H H

4. NAMING ALKANES (C n H 2n+2 ) 1.Identify the longest unbroken (by other elements) carbon chain. 2.Count the carbons and use table P to get the prefix of the name. 3.Identify that the intercarbon bonds are all single, if so the suffix of the name is --ANE. C H H C H H H C H H H C H H BUTANE PREFIXSUFFIX THE LONGEST UNBROKEN CARBON CHAIN IS 4 CARBONS, TABLE P INDICATES THE PREFIX FOR 4 CARBONS IS BUT ALL THE INTERCARBON BONDS ARE SINGLE, TABLE R INDICATES AN ALKANE. ANE

5. SUBSTITUTED ALKANES SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS 1.HYDROGENS ARE REMOVED AND A HALOGEN IS SUBSTITUTED IN PLACE OF THE REMOVED HYDROGENS. 2.THE PRODUCT WILL HAVE FEWER HYDROGENS THAN THE REACTANT AND WILL HAVE HALOGEN ATOMS IN THE FORMULA. C 4 H 10 + Cl 2  C 4 H 9 Cl + HCl AN ALKANE HALOGEN HALOHYDROCARBON HALOGEN ACID THE HYDROGENS DECREASE FROM 10 TO 9

6. C H H H C H H Cl C H H C H H BUTANE PREFIXSUFFIX 4321 CHLORO “SIDE GROUP” 1- CARBON # OF GROUP ALWAYS NUMBER CARBONS SUCH THAT THE SMALLEST NUMBERS ARE USED IN THE NAME!

7. C H H C H H H C H H H C H H C H H C H H C H H H C H H H C H H C HH ISOMERS OF C 5 H 12 n-PENTANE 1234 2- CARBON # OF GROUP METHYL “SIDE GROUP”SIDE GROUP BUT PREFIX ANE SUFFIX

8. H ALKENES (C n H 2n ) 1.THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP IS A DOUBLE BOND. 2.THE COMPOUNDS ARE UNSATURATED, THEY CAN BOND TO MORE HYDROGEN ATOMS BY OPENING THE DOUBLE BOND. 3.THE SUFFIX IS ENE. C H H H C H H H CC H THE DOUBLE BOND IS THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF THE ALKENE. BUTENE PREFIXSUFFIX NONE “SIDE GROUP” NONE CARBON # OF GROUP 2- C # OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP THIS IS 2-BUTENE BECAUSE THE DOUBLE BOND BEGINS ON THE SECOND CARBON. 4321

9. C H H H C H H C H C H H 4321 BUTENE PREFIXSUFFIX NONE “SIDE GROUP” NONE CARBON # OF GROUP 1- C # OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP ♫ NOTE: 1-BUTENE AND 2-BUTENE ARE ISOMERS, THEY HAVE THE SAME FORMULA (C 4 H 8 ) HOWEVER THEY HAVE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES. 2 HYDROGENS CAN BE ADDED TO THE DOUBLE BOND,