1. Essential Question: What were the causes and lasting effects of the Protestant Reformation and the reaction from the Catholic Church?

2.  Problems in the ChurchEarly Reformers -Popes spent too much money - Popes and priests having children - Clergy, gambling and drinking - Popes too involved in worldly affairs -Jan Hus and John Wycliffe - popes should not be involved in worldly affairs -Bible had more authority than Church leaders

3.  Martin Luther - German monk challenged the selling of Indulgences (pardon from sin)  Wrote the 95 Theses (formal complaints against the Church)  Reformation - a religious reform that led to the founding of Christian churches that did not accept the pope’s authority  Luther’s main teachings: 1. Salvation gained by faith alone 2. Church teachings should be based on the Bible 3. Priests are not needed to interpret the Bible

5.  Printing Press spreads Luther’s ideas  Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther in 1520  Luther summoned to stand trial at Worms  Edict of Worms - Luther declared a heretic and outlaw  Frederick the Wise of Saxony protects Luther  Lutherans, new religious group based on the teaching’s of Luther

6.  King Henry VIII of England needed a male heir  Tries to get his marriage annulled, pope refuses  Henry asks Parliament to break away from the pope and legalize his divorce  Act of Supremacy declared the king of England, not the pope, head of the church of England  Henry takes all church land and wealth for himself and remarries

8.  Elizabeth I, the daughter of Henry VIII, sets up the Anglican Church as the national church  Elizabeth tries to pacify both Catholics and Protestants  Priests could marry and sermons were in English to make Protestants happy  Catholic traditions, robes and gold crucifixes were kept

10.  Catholic Reformation - movement within the Catholic church to keep people loyal  Ignatius Loyola founds the Jesuit order set up schools converting non-Christians to Catholicism  Catholic Reformation: 1. Investigated the selling of indulgences 2. Approved the Jesuits 3. Used the Inquisition to find heretics 4. Held the Council of Trent A. Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final B. Salvation is faith and good works C. Church traditions are important D. Indulgences are valid