1. There are two parts to stopping distance: Thinking distance Braking distance Both of these can be increased by different factors. Explain in detail how road conditions, speed and alcohol can affect road safety. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question. Stopping distance = Thinking Distance + Braking Distance

3. Explain the energy changes that take place as a ball is released along the following track.

4. MarksAnswerDetail 1-2 Basic description of energy changes that take place as ball moves down the track. Mention of friction but no clearly linked to energy loss  Ball gains GPE as it is moved up the ramp  As it moves down the ramp GPE is converted to KE (speeds up)  “Friction slows the ball down” or similar 3-4 As above but friction is linked to energy loss  As the ball moves some of its KE is lost due to friction so it does not regain all the GPE it had on the other side of the ramp.  Possible mention of KE lost as heat to surroundings  Possible mention of friction between ball and ramp and/or air resistance 5-6Detailed explanation of energy transfers that take place Answer should include (for full 6):  Detailed description of the cause of friction (ball/track & air resistance)  Idea that energy is conserved  Few (if any) errors in SPAG and correct use of technical terms throughout Possible extra detail includes:  Explanation of GPE and KE equations linked to answer  Detailed explanation of cause of friction eg air resistance due to collisions between air molecules/ball