1. Teaching note Just in case you have never tried this before. This is split into 6 spaced learning presentations. The idea is that each one is presented and the students focus on remembering the key words that are highlighted red. After each run through a completely unrelated task (the more quirky the better) is given to allow for processing time and then a run through trying to remember the key points is completed. Blue slides separate the tasks.

2. P2 Spaced Learning All you need to do is remember the red highlighted words!

3. P2 Spaced Learning All you need to do is remember the red highlighted words!

4. P2 Topic 4 Momentum, energy, work & power

5. Brakes have been applied and car is slowing. Affected by: 1.Road conditions (icy or wet) Note: this affects the friction between the road and tyre. 2.Brakes are worn 3.Speed of car 4.The mass of the car Driver is thinking/reacting before deciding to apply the brakes. Affected by: 1.Drugs (alcohol/illegal) 2.Tired 3.Distracted (mobile etc) Or anything that slows your time to react. STOPPING DISTANCE

6. Energy Transferred means the same thing as Work Done; Energy transferred = Work Done Both are measured in joules (J) There are different kinds of energy that cannot be destroyed or created, they can however be transferred from on type to another. A battery for example transfers chemical energy to electrical energy Most Kids Hate Learning G C S E Energy Names

7. Energy transferred = Work Done is calculated; Work Done (J) = Applied Force (N) x distance moved (m) (in direction of force) W = F x d W = 500 x 2 W = 100J NB: 1kg = 10N

8. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is energy an object has because of its height in a gravitational field. Kinetic Energy (KE) is energy an object has because it is moving. Remembering that energy cannot be destroyed or created, they can however be transferred gives us an easy example to see these energies at work. If a cannon ball is falls from 5m it converts GPE to KE as it falls and in this case then to sound!

9. GPE = m x g x h KE = ½ m x v 2 Mass (kg) (J, Joules) Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg) Vertical height change (m) Velocity 2 (m/s 2 ) Make sure that you can remember the units!!! Also if an object has zero height or speed in must have zero GPE or KE accordingly and the energy must have all transferred somewhere!!

10. Power is a measure of how fast you can do work or how fast energy is transferred. Take these two cars they both have a 1.6 litre turbo engine and the same chemical energy power source (petrol). The one on the right uses 1 litre of fuel for every 325m where as the one on the left uses 1 litre of fuel for every 18150m.

11. The law of the conservation of momentum states the total momentum in a system of objects always stays the same. Big Fish – Before collision is zero as it has zero velocity Small Fish – Before collision is 1 x 5 = 5 kg m/s Mass of big fish is 4 kg Mass of small fish is 1 kg Speed of small fish is 5 m/s Momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) Both Fish – After collision must equal the total momentum before the collision i.e. 0 + 5 = 5 kg m/s So 5 = 5(combined mass of fish 4+1) x new speed So new speed = 5/5 = 1 m/s

12. Car safety, when a car crashes the forces, energy and momentum involved can easily become fatal. The way to reduce the force involves increasing the time it takes for the object to slow down, because:. Making the time bigger makes a smaller change of momentum If the acceleration is small then the force is also smaller

13. A person weighing 60kg stopping in 0.1s from 14m/s (or 30mph) endures a force of 8400N. This is equivalent to 14 times the force of gravity. If the time to stop is increased to 1s the force is 840N, equivalent to 1.4 times the force of gravity. Seat belts stretch and increase the time before the wearer comes to a stop Air bags slow the occupant down slowly, increasing the time for the occupant to come to a stop Crumple zones slow the whole vehicle down slowly, increasing the time for everything to come to a stop

14. Task for you ! With the materials in front of you create the greatest animal that never lived. You must be able to explain its features and characteristics.

15. What can you remember?

16. Brakes have been applied and car is slowing. Affected by: 1.Road conditions (icy or wet) Note: this affects the friction between the road and tyre. 2.Brakes are worn 3.Speed of car 4.The mass of the car Driver is thinking/reacting before deciding to apply the brakes. Affected by: 1.Drugs (alcohol/illegal) 2.Tired 3.Distracted (mobile etc) Or anything that slows your time to react. 1 2 STOPPING DISTANCE

17. Energy Transferred means the same thing as Work Done; Energy transferred = Work Done Both are measured in joules (J) There are different kinds of energy that cannot be destroyed or created, they can however be transferred from on type to another. A battery for example transfers chemical energy to electrical energy Most Kids Hate Learning G C S E Energy Names 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

18. Energy transferred = Work Done is calculated; Work Done (J) = Applied Force (N) x distance moved (m) (in direction of force) W = F x d W = 500 x 2 W = 100J NB: 1kg = 10N 12 3

19. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is energy an object has because of its height in a gravitational field. Kinetic Energy (KE) is energy an object has because it is moving. Remembering that energy cannot be destroyed or created, they can however be transferred gives us an easy example to see these energies at work. If a cannon ball is falls from 5m it converts GPE to KE as it falls and in this case then to sound! 1 2 3 4 5 67 8

20. Power is a measure of how fast you can do work or how fast energy is transferred. Take these two cars they both have a 1.6 litre turbo engine and the same chemical energy power source (petrol). The one on the right uses 1 litre of fuel for every 325m where as the one on the left uses 1 litre of fuel for every 18150m. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

21. The law of the conservation of momentum states the total momentum in a system of objects always stays the same. Big Fish – Before collision is zero as it has zero velocity Small Fish – Before collision is 1 x 5 = 5 kg m/s Mass of big fish is 4 kg Mass of small fish is 1 kg Speed of small fish is 5 m/s Momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) Both Fish – After collision must equal the total momentum before the collision i.e. 0 + 5 = 5 kg m/s So 5 = 5(combined mass of fish 4+1) x new speed So new speed = 5/5 = 1 m/s 1 23 45 6 7 8

22. Car safety, when a car crashes the forces, energy and momentum involved can easily become fatal. The way to reduce the force involves increasing the time it takes for the object to slow down, because:. Making the time bigger makes a smaller change of momentum If the acceleration is small then the force is also smaller 1 2 3

23. A person weighing 60kg stopping in 0.1s from 14m/s (or 30mph) endures a force of 8400N. This is equivalent to 14 times the force of gravity. If the time to stop is increased to 1s the force is 840N, equivalent to 1.4 times the force of gravity. Seat belts stretch and increase the time before the wearer comes to a stop Air bags slow the occupant down slowly, increasing the time for the occupant to come to a stop Crumple zones slow the whole vehicle down slowly, increasing the time for everything to come to a stop 1 2 3 4