1. Intelligent Transport Systems

2. Context and project mission
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
Set of services
Merge road infrastructure with ICT
Offer an effective road traffic
management

3. Context and project mission
Basic Set of Applications (BSA)
Road safety
Improve road users safety
Traffic efficiency
Improve traffic fluidity
Local and internet services
Advertisement and commercial services
Our project

4. Context and project mission
Detect automatically traffic jams
Broadcast road hazard warnings to road users
Use mobile technologies

5. Autodetecting traffic jams and broadcasting road hazard warnings
Presented by : Rachik ABIDI
Supervisors : Mr.Tahar EZZEDDINE Mrs.Imen ACHOUR Mr.Bessem KBOUBI
Academic year : 2014/2015

6. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

7. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

8. Overview
Introduction
Traffic jam
Density of vehicles
Speed

9. Existing techniques Traffic jam detection Continuous road observation
Introduction
Traffic jam detection
Using image processing
Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Using mobile applications
Continuous road observation
Security cameras
Video analysis
More reliable system
Cooperative system
Autodetect traffic jams
Users intervention
Uncertain alerts
Cooperative system
Users notifications
Road infrastructure enhancement
Presence sensors
Time analysis

10. System requirements
Introduction
Autodetect traffic jams
Notify road hazards
Diffuse alert warnings
Offer a real-time access to traffic state
+ Navigation using GPS : Navigation map + directions
+ Generate vehicle statistics (distance, fuel consumption…)
Driver
Mobile system

11. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

12. Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
System Architecture

13. System Architecture Offering GUIs Registration and authentication
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
System Architecture
Offering GUIs
Registration and authentication
Navigation using GPS
Notifying road hazards
Access to real-time traffic state
Follow up the vehicle statistics

14. System Architecture Providing geographical position
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
System Architecture
Providing geographical position
Real-time position tracking

15. System Architecture Exchanging mobile user data Web services
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
System Architecture
Exchanging mobile user data
Web services
REST architecture
JSON format

16. System Architecture Execute database functions like CRUD
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
System Architecture
Execute database functions like CRUD
Manage the mobile user and the alerts information
Execute traffic jams detection algorithms

17. System Architecture Broadcasting road hazard warnings
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
System Architecture
Broadcasting road hazard warnings
Getting a real-time access to traffic state

18. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Cooperative system
Send periodically user data to server
Execute traffic jam detection algorithm

19. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Sent user data
Current position (latitude, longitude)
Current speed (km/h)
Current direction (North, East, West, South)
Current place name (Elmanar, Menzeh 1,…)

20. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm
Executed periodically by the server
Based on mobile users data
Conditions:
Connected users
Same place name and direction
Current speed < speed threshold
Computes the density of vehicles ordered by place name
Generates a traffic jam alert

21. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm
Each vehicle is a mobile user
Identified with the username
speed threshold : 30 km/h
distance threshold : 50 meters
number of neighbors threshold : 7
Vehicles on the same direction
Vehicles on opposite direction

22. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm
R: distance threshold 1
Each vehicle is a mobile user
Identified with the username
speed threshold : 30 km/h
distance threshold : 50 meters
number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 3 4
Target vehicle
Neighbor
4 < number of neighbors threshold
Not neighbor

23. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm
R: distance threshold 6
Each vehicle is a mobile user
Identified with the username
speed threshold : 30 km/h
distance threshold : 50 meters
number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 1 5 3 4
Target vehicle
Neighbor
6 < number of neighbors threshold
Not neighbor

24. Traffic jams autodetection
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Traffic jams autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm
R: distance threshold
Each vehicle is a mobile user
Identified with the username
speed threshold : 30 km/h
distance threshold : 50 meters
number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 3 4 1 5
Target vehicle 6 8 7
Neighbor
8 > number of neighbors threshold
Traffic jam detected
Broadcast the alert using GCM
Not neighbor

25. Broadcasting warnings
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Broadcasting warnings
Using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM)
ID 1
ID 2
ID 3
ID N .
Alert +
IDs
GCM connection
servers
Alert
Alert
Alert
Alert
Apache server id
Detection
date
Latitude
Longitude
Address
Number of vehicles
Direction
Level
Alert
Real-time access to traffic state

26. Synthesis + Navigation system Vehicle statistics
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile APP
Synthesis
Navigation system
Vehicle statistics
Traffic jam autodetection
Alerts warnings broadcast
Road hazard notifcations
Access to real-time traffic state +
Excessive power consumption
Mobile application
Server

27. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

28. GPS receiver overuse Navigation system Real-time position tracking
Excessive battery use
GPS receiver overuse
Navigation system
Real-time position tracking
Reduce the update period for requesting location
-> Excessive use of the integrated GPS receiver

29. Internet connection Mobile application started
Excessive battery use
Internet connection
Mobile application started
Regular
usage
Loading the navigation map
Exchanging data with the server
-> Decreasing battery power
-> Excessive use of the internet connection (3G/Wifi)

30. Proposed solution Develop an external On-Board Unit (OBU)
Excessive battery use
Proposed solution
Develop an external On-Board Unit (OBU)
Take over many features
Connected to the mobile device
Short range communication
Reduce the power consumption
Improve our mobile system performances

31. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

32. Improving the system performances using an OBU
System architecture

33. Improving the system performances using an OBU
System architecture
Offering GUIs
Registration and authentication
Navigation using GPS
Notifying road hazards
Access to real-time traffic state
Follow up the vehicle statistics

34. Improving the system performances using an OBU
System architecture
GPS receiver integrated in the OBU
Send the location to the mobile device
Real-time position tracking

35. Improving the system performances using an OBU
System architecture
Exchange data (location, speed, direction, alerts)
Using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
-> Extremely reducing power consumption

36. Improving the system performances using an OBU
System architecture
Exchange CAMs and DENMs
Using Wi-Fi p
Substitute the web solution with an
ad-hoc network
-> Reduce the power consumption

37. Improving the system performances using an OBU
OBU architecture

38. Improving the system performances using an OBU
Broadcasted messages
Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM)
Message exchanged periodically between OBUs
Aware other OBUs of its presence in the network
Provide useful information to detect traffic jams
Message structure
MessageID
Latitude
Longitude
Speed
Direction

39. Improving the system performances using an OBU
Broadcasted messages
Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM)
Message triggered when an alert is detected
Diffused in the ad-hoc network
Notify the road users of the detected road hazard
Offer real-time access to traffic state
Message structure
MessageID
Type
Latitude
Longitude
Vehicles
Direction
Level

40. Broadcasting technique
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Broadcasting technique
Using hop-by-hop technique

41. Traffic jam autodetection
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Traffic jam autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm using CAMs
Executed periodically by each OBU
Based on received CAMs
Conditions:
Same direction
Current speed < speed threshold
Computes the density of vehicles
Generates a DENM when a traffic jam
is detected

42. Traffic jams autodetection
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Traffic jams autodetection
Traffic jam autodetection algorithm
using CAMs
R: distance threshold
Each vehicle is an OBU
Identified with the MAC address
speed threshold : 30 km/h
distance threshold : 50 meters
number of neighbors threshold : 7 2 3 4 1 5
Target vehicle 6 8 7
Neighbor
8 > number of neighbors threshold
Traffic jam detected
Broadcast the DENM using hop-by-hop
technique
Not neighbor

43. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

44. Software tools Mobile application Server OBU + Implementation
and deployment
Software tools
Mobile application
Server
OBU
Android OS
phpMyAdmin
Arduino software +
ADT
SDK
Eclipse
PL/SQL
php5
Shared preferences
Java
JSON
Google maps v2
Functions & procedures
Photoshop CS6
Events
Cron jobs

45. Hardware tools On-Board Unit (OBU) Implementation and deployment
GPS shield external antenna
GPS receiver
Arduino Mega ADK 2560
Microcontroller board
1602
LCD screen
MicroSD card
Storage module
Bluefruit LE – Bluetooth LE nRF 8001
BLE Module
WiFly RN-171
WiFi Module
MK p radio module
Wi-Fi module
Cigar lighter receptacle + USB
Power supplier
Bluetooth module
HC-05

46. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Registration
Authentication

47. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Choosing destination
Itinerary choice
Navigation started

48. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Road hazards menu
Notification sent
User blocked for 2 mins

49. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Alert notification received
Alert detected window

50. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Rescue itinerary choice
Rescue navigation started

51. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Alert level 1
Alert level 4

52. Outcomes Mobile application graphical interfaces Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Mobile application graphical interfaces
Daily vehicle statistics
Weekly vehicle statistics
Total vehicle statistics

53. Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
OBU

54. Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Registration

55. Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Authentication

56. Outcomes Navigating using the OBU GPS receiver Implementation
and deployment
Outcomes
Navigating using the OBU GPS receiver

57. Implementation
and deployment
Demonstration

58. Outline
Introduction
Autodetecting traffic jams using a mobile application
Excessive battery use
Improving the system performances using an OBU
Implementation and deployment
Conclusion and perspectives

59. Conclusion and perspectives
Autodetect traffic jams and broadcast road hazard warnings
Mobile application + server : Fully implemented
Mobile application + OBU : not fully implemented (time constraints)
Perspectives
Implement the traffic jam autodetection algorithm in the OBU
Establish ad-hoc networks to broadcast CAMs and DENMs
Study the power consumption behaviour of this solution

60. Thanks☺