1. The Structure of the Atom The Building Block of Matter

2. Atomic Structure At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:  List the 3 major subatomic particles with their relative size, mass and charges  List 3 other sub-subatomic particles (not General)  Define the mass number, atomic number and symbol from an element on the periodic table

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4. An atom consists of a nucleus nucleus (of protons and neutrons) (of protons and neutrons) electrons in space about the nucleus. electrons in space about the nucleus. The Atom Nucleus Electron cloud

5. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element Parts: Parts:  Nucleus – small region in the center of the atom. (+ charged protons, and o charged neutrons)  Electron Cloud – large region, compared to nucleus, where electrons are found.

6. Check out the Size of Nucleus vs. Electron Cloud Check out the Size of Nucleus vs. Electron Cloud The atom is extremely small. One teaspoon of water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic Ocean has teaspoons of water. If Cleveland Stadium were an atom, a marble on the 50 yard line would represent the nucleus.

7. Can We See Atoms? Magnesium atoms (white) above Boron atoms (grey) seen by the transmission electron microscope

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9. Proton Neutron Electron The Atom Nucleus Electron shell / Electron cloud

10. The Atom Nucleus The center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons) Nucleus The center of the atom. (it has protons & neutrons) Electron shell / Electron cloud

11. Summary of Atomic Particles Protons (p + ) + electrical charge mass = 1.673 x 10 -24 g relative mass = 1.007 atomic mass units (amu) but we can round to 1 Neutrons (n o ) no electrical charge mass = 1.675 x 10 -24 g relative mass = 1.009 amu but we can round to 1

12. Summary of Atomic Particles Electrons (e - ) negative electrical charge mass = 9.109 x 10 -28 g relative mass = 0.0005 amu but we can round to 0

13. Proton Neutron Electron Mass 1 amu 1 amu 0 amu Charge +1 0 -1

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15. Tevatron – World’s highest energy particle accelerator. 4 miles in circumference Why? To find even smaller particles!!!

16. We send protons and antiprotons in opposite directions, and smash them together.

17. ParticleacceleratorParticleaccelerator

19. Particles Matter anti-Matter e +1 e +1 e -1 e -1 Example: electron positron

20. Particles Matter P +1 P +1 P -1 P -1 Example: Proton anti-Proton anti-Matter

21. Quarks Leptons Up electron Down 3 2 3 e -1 e -1

22. Neutron Made of 3 Quarks 1 up 2 down u d d

23. Proton Made of 3 Quarks 2 up 1 down d u u

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25. Photon = a particle of light. Electromagnetic Radiation ALL light. Visible AND Invisible visible light, x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, infrared.

26. Photon a particle of light Laser

27. Electromagnetic radiation

28. e -1. Proton Electron Photon Mass comparison Proton is about 1800 x electron Electron is about 1,000,000 x photon

29. Subatomic Particles Summary Quarks Quarks Fast moving point of energy Fast moving point of energy He  Up quark = + 2/3  Down quark = - 1/3 Sum of the charges is the electrical charge

30. Quark Calculations (for protons and neutrons) Each proton is 2 up quarks and 1 down quark Each proton is 2 up quarks and 1 down quark  2(2/3) + 1(-1/3) = 4/3 – 1/3 = 3/3 or +1 Each neutron is 2 down quarks and 1 up quark  2(-1/3) + 2/3 = 0

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32. Atomic Number, Z All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus, Z 13 Al 26.981 Atomic Number Atomic Symbol AVERAGE Atomic Mass

33. Mass Number Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom. Number of protons + number of neutrons in an atom. Example: 2 protons and 2 neutrons Example: 2 protons and 2 neutrons When solving for number of neutrons: round average atomic number properly, subtract the atomic number from the mass number. When solving for number of neutrons: round average atomic number properly, subtract the atomic number from the mass number. Example: K with atomic number 19 and average atomic mass 39.0983 amu. Example: K with atomic number 19 and average atomic mass 39.0983 amu. 20 neutrons 20 neutrons

34. Mass Number, A C atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is the mass standard = 12 atomic mass units (amu) Mass Number (A) = # protons + # neutrons NOT on the periodic table It is the Average atomic mass (which is on the periodic table) rounded to the nearest whole number

35. Element Symbols Hyphen Notation: Hyphen Notation: Element symbol – Mass # (rounded) Example: Helium  He-4 Nuclear Symbol: Nuclear Symbol: Superscript Mass Number, Subscript Atomic Number, SymbolExample: He 4 2

36. Atomic Structure Let’s see if you can:  List the 3 major subatomic particles with their relative size, mass and charges  List 3 other sub-subatomic particles  Define the mass number, atomic number and symbol from an element on the periodic table

37. In Summary Atomic number = Atomic number = the # protons and also the # electrons if the atom is neutral the # protons and also the # electrons if the atom is neutral Mass Number from PT = Average atomic number rounded to the nearest whole number Mass Number = # protons + # neutrons

38. WHY GOD MADE MOMS Answers given by 2nd grade school children to the following questions: Why did your mom marry your dad? 1. My dad makes the best spaghetti in the world, and my mom eats a lot 2. She got too old to do anything else with him. 3. My grandma says that mom didn't have her thinking cap on.

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40. Which two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? 1. Proton / Electron 2. Proton / Neutron 3. Electron / Neutron 4. Proton / Quark 5. Neutron / Quark

41. The atomic number represents the number of … if neutral. 1. Protons 2. Neutrons 3. Protons + Neutrons 4. Protons + Electrons

42. The mass number represents the number of … 1. Electrons 2. Protons + Electrons 3. Protons + Neutrons 4. Neutrons + Electrons

43. What is the correct Hyphen Notation for Calcium 1. Ca – 20 2. Ca – 40.078 3. Ca – 40.08 4. Ca – 40.1 5. Ca - 40

44. An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. The element is … 1. Si 2. Ca 3. Se 4. C

45. An atom has 15 protons and 17 neutrons. What element is it? 1. Cl 2. He 3. Ge 4. P

46. The isotope C-16 has which of the following? 1. 16 protons 2. 6 neutrons 3. 8 neutrons 4. 10 neutrons 5. 12 electrons 6. 16 neutrons

47. The isotope N-16 has which of the following? 1. 16 protons 2. 7 neutrons 3. 8 neutrons 4. 9 neutrons 5. 16 electrons 6. 16 neutrons

48. The nucleus contains (select the best answer)… 1. Protons 2. Neutrons 3. Electrons 4. Photons 5. Answer 1 and 2 6. Answer 1 and 3 7. Answer 2 and 3

49. If an element with atomic #12 has 13 neutrons, what is it’s atomic mass? 1.12 1.12 2.13 2.13 3.24 3.24 4.25 4.25 5.not listed 5.not listed

50. If an element with atomic #12 has 13 neutrons, how many electrons does it have? 1.12 1.12 2.13 2.13 3.24 3.24 4.25 4.25 5.not listed 5.not listed

51. If an atom is neutral, which subatomic particles would be equal? 1. Protons and neutrons 2. Neutrons and electrons 3. Protons and Electrons

52. If an element with atomic #30 has a mass #65, how many neutrons will it contain? 1.30 1.30 2.65 2.65 3.95 3.95 4.35 4.35 5.not listed 5.not listed

53. WHY GOD MADE MOMS Answers given by 2nd grade school children to the following questions: What's the difference between moms and dads? 1. Moms work at work and work at home and dads just go to work at work. 2. Moms know how to talk to teachers without scaring them. 3. Dads are taller and stronger, but moms have all the real power 'cause that's who you got to ask if you want to sleep over at your friends. 4. Moms have magic, they make you feel better without medicine!