1. Civil Engineering Department CE 436 Project Prepared by Superprive by Mohammed ALmannaa Prof.Saad ALGadhi Mashel ALDaajam Mohammed ALMasned Parking study

2.  The key issue in parking is a determination of how many spaces are required for a particular park, and where they should be located. These requirements lead to locally based zoning regulations on minimum numbers of spaces that need to be provided when a development is built.

3.  The need for parking spaces depends upon many factors, some of which are difficult to assess. The type and size of land use(s) in a development is a major factor, but so is the general density of the development environment and the amount and quality of public transportation access available.

4.  Studying parks provides important criteria such as:  To determine the demand and versus with supply.  Renovate, acquire, and develop park facilities through specific programs.  Decrease the problem of overcrowdedness.

5.  Improve the efficiency and level of park maintenance through internal improvement.  Improve the appearance of urban areas with the increased usage of modern sites and enhanced landscape planting and maintenance.  To calculate high – demand for time period within study period.  To calculate duration, turnover & parking load

6.  Figure.1  (Study Group)

7.  Identify the study area :  Study area is located next to the building of the preparatory year (Figure.1), which we have chosen the region is that it allows anyone to enter and stand without a permit, is any public parking, as well as the advantage of being designed in a way uniformity, Which allows the observer to see the car plate is clearly.  The parking consist of more than seven path, ea ch path consists of 80 parking, Because it's given the large volume we took three paths by 242 parking  It's type of the parking is off street ( surface lot ).

9.  Data Collection :

10.  When data collection was the distribution of work between the Working Group is composed of 3 students, each student recorded path (as shown in the figure No. 2), and bearing in mind that start is equal for all as well as the end, in addition to the observer follows the same path at each time period, so there will be no errors in the results. Begin the study period from 7:45 to 12:45 any length of study 5 hours, and each time period consists of one hour and forty minutes for four periods, and was numbered parking, and the observer registration plate numbers of cars on his right hand and his left on the table are numbered according to the situation, and so on for each observe and each time period (One hour and forty minutes), and recorded results in data collection sheet (Table.1)

12.  Data Collection Form  Location : Next to preparatory Year Observers : Mohammed ALMannaa, Meshal ALDajam, Mohammed ALMosned  Date : 28 /4 / 1432 H, Time : 7:45 – 12:45 PM, Weather : Sunny Sheet 5 to 10

13. Vehicles Parked Stall+100 (7:45)+200 (9:25) +300 (11:05)+400 (12:45) 1NZATTT 2GRBTTZJH 3TGATTT 4BSBTDJAT 5HRBTTT 6KLLTTKDS 7XTZTTJDA 8KGATRSBXSB 9JUATTT 10UTATLZAJRB 11HNATTT 12SZATTTZU 13HRBTTT 14URHTTZURSB 15LKATTT 16RSBTTRTA 17VKHTTT 18RTATTDBA 19ZUATTT 20DBATTT 21SSATTT 22RRBTTT 23ZBBTTT 24GRBTTGSB 25UUGTTT 26JWHTKXBSAA 27HRBTTZSB 28LZATTJRB 29DBATTHJB 30ZXATTATB 31XBATJUA- 32KJJTJRBJVA 33HJBTT- 34NABTKJJ- 35JVATTT 36SLUTTT 37JAATTT 38BJBTTT

14. 39EBBTNABVLU 40ZXATTT 41LDETTT 42RLLTTT 43EXBTJRBT 44VDBTTKNA 45EXATTT 46JJATTT 47TXBTTLRA 48ATATTLTA 49NBATTXBT 50JXATTT 51LNATTT 52LBATTT 53NRSTTT 54EKATTT 55VSATTJAB 56JABTTNDB 57BXBTTLFU 58HJBTTT 59RSBTTNKA 60LHATTT 61TSBTTT 62THNTGDAT 63KNATTT 64JRBTHRBT 65LGETTT 66VUATTUV 67ZVATTT 68SDBTTT 69LDBTTT 70ZSATTT 71DTDTTZBB 72RSBTTT 73HNATTT 74LNATTT 75ANNTTKRB 76BSBTTT 77-BJBTLLL 78JRBTTT 79-RSBTT 80ARAT-VND 81RDBTT 82GAATTTXA 83BHATTT 84NHNTT- 85KTATTHBA

15. 86LDBTTT 87KVATTGSB 88VUTTTT 89LUATTAKA 90GZST-DAB 91TGAT-REA 92ZSBTTT 93JKATREAT 94RSBT-KLL 95ALATJKAT 96JSBTTT 97HNATTT 98RSBTTT 99HBBTTT 100EEATTT 101HHATTT 102JHATTT 103DBVTTT 104HJBTNSBT 105GEATTT 106RHATTT 107TUATTT 108JZUTTT 109TBATTT 110BRET-TSB 111UGAT-DVA 112LRATTT 113BJBTTT 114GJBTTT 115TTAZUAT- 116RVLTTBSB 117TEAT-TTA 118XDBTTT 119RSATTT 120XSATTT 121EEATTT 122XVGTTT 123NDATTT 124JRBT-LAB 125KHAT-ZUA 126NSHTTT 127HAD-HLNT 128ULATTT 129NZATTT 130ZLATURBKDA 131RSNTTKVJ 132RTBT-AXA

16. 133JNATUNAT 134VSHTTJUH 135SNATTT 136KXBT-XBB 137RSBTTT 138RSBTTT 139UAUTTSTA 140JJATTRKA 141LNATTT 142LABT-VUA 143KRBTTT 144VBBTTT 145DTATTJJA 146SBATTDVZ 147UEDTTT 148KXBTTBJA 149GRBTTT 150RNNTTT 151UBATTVVA 152KKXTTJSB 153JNATTT 154SBJT-DNH 155BSBTTHNA 156RJAT JSB 157NXBTTT 158TUATTT 159DABT-GSA 160RRATGTVT 161XBBTTGEA 162GBXTTT 163LRZTTT 164DSATHJBT 165HJBTTT 166ZZETBRBT 167HXJTTT 168JRAAGNZZET 169ZBBTTHXJ 170KRBTAGNT 171JEATTT 172NDATKRBKTA 173EXATTT 174VDBTNDAT 175TGATJJAT 176LDBTTJRB 177DAAT-ALA 178HEAJBATLDB 179BSBTTRRA

17. 180KRBTTRJA 181JUATTT 182HLSTTRRB 183-VJBTT 184SBETTT 185ZSBTTT 186JRBTTJJV 187LDBTTT 188XXATTBSB 189NABTTT 190BXBTTJRU 191 501 كTTT 192VUATT H AT 193LZATTT 194TKATTT 195KABTTT 196NRATTHAD 197SNATTT 198KUATAYOT 199JKATTT 200KHATMRDT 201KKNTTT 202EZKTTBSB 203LDBTTJRB 204LDBTTDRA 205DABTTREA 206BXBTTT 207TGATTT 208REATTT 209GRATTT 210RSBTTT 211KUATTVTB 212BJATTLVA 213AZTTTKUA 214JUNTTT 215BXBTNZAT 216NZAT-T 217NHATTT 218VHGT-JSB 219HSBT-T 220JRBTTDTA 221KVGTTLGA 222DAATTJAB 223VXAKVJTHSB 224NSBTTDXJ 225JJVTTT 226UABTTNDR

18. 227TGATTT 228MRDT-TTA 229TKATTT 230 671 كTTT 231ARATTTKA 232VDTTSRBT 233VXATTT 234REVTHJBT 235ZBB-GJBT 236--GEAT 237LUAT-- 238ALAT-RSB 239UGATTT 240BKUTHRBT 241JLATTRSL 242ANBT-LAB Table.1

19.  Table.1 (Data collection sheets)   Notice for this table :  Entries should have one of three forms :  -the last digits of the license plate for vehicles first observed in a particular space.  -a Letter "T" for the same vehicle still in the space recorded on the previous.  -Dash if the space is empty.   Why we chose the period outside (10-30 minutes)?  1-Parking of a student, students usually begin their shift from eight am and 12 pm, so parking have changed very little other than if a supermarket would be a big change.  2- Papers did not indicate that we have to determine the period required 10-30 minutes  3- In addition, we don't see big change in occupancy of car for parking within observation time.   Data analysis / Results :

20.  -summarize the data :  We summarize the previous table (Table.1), so that summarize the number of vehicles that were among space during the study period, in addition to the total time for each space was busy(Table.2 ). For example, Parking No. 1 stopped a one car for all the time from 7:45 - 12:45, so we say that one car was used this park for five hours (400 minutes).  Table.2 ( summarize the data )

21. Stall+100 (7:45)+200 (9:25) +300 (11:05)+400 (12:45)Vehicle parkedTime Used 111111400 211112 311111 411112 511111 611112 711112 811113 911111 1011113400 1111111400 1211112400 1311111400 1411113400 1511111400 1611112400 1711111400 1811112400 1911111400 2011111400 2111111400 2211111400 2311111400 2411112400 2511111400 2611113400 2711112400 2811112400 2911112400 3011112400 3111102300 3211113400 3311101300 3411102300 3511111400 3611111400 3711111400 3811111400 3911113400 4011111400 4111111400 4211111400 4311112400 4411112400 4511111400 4611111400 4711112400 4811112400 4911111400 5011111400 5111111400 5211111400 5311111400 5411111400 5511112400 5611112400 5711112400 5811111400 5911112400 6011111400 6111111400 6211112400 6311111400 6411112400 6511111400 6611112400 6711111400 6811111400 6911111400 7011111400 7111112400 7211111400 7311111400 7411111400 7511112400 7611111400 7701112300 7811111400 7901111300 8011012300 8111112400 8211112400 8311111400 8411101300 8511112400 8611111400 8711112400 8811111400 8911112400 9011012300 9111012300 9211111400 9311112400 9411012300 9511112400 9611111400 9711111400 9811111400 9911111400 10011111400 10111111400 10211111400 10311111400 10411112400 10511111400 10611111400 10711111400 10811111400 10911111400 11011012300 11111012300 11211111400 11311111400 11411111400 11511102300 11611112400 11711012300 11811111400 11911111400 12011111400 12111111400 12211111400 12311111400 12411012300 12511012300 12611111400 12710112300 12811111400 12911111400 13011113400 13111112400 13211012300 13311112400 13411112400 13511111400 13611012300 13711111400 13811111400 13911112400 14011112400 14111111400 14211012300 14311111400 14411111400 14511112400 14611112400 14711111400 14811112400 14911111400 15011111400 15111112400 15211112400 15311111400 15411012300 15511112400 15611012300 15711111400 15811111400 15911012300 16011112400 16111112400 16211111400 16311111400 16411112400 16511111400 16611112400 16711111400 16811113400 16911112400 17011112400 17111111400 17211113400 17311111400 17411112400 17511112400 17611112400 17711012300 17811113400 17911112400 18011112400 18111111400 18211112400 18301112300 18411111400 18511111400 18611112400 18711111400 18811112400 18911111400 19011112400 19111111400 19211112400 19311111400 19411111400 19511111400 19611112400 19711111400 19811112400 19911111400 20011112400 20111111400 20211112400 20311112400 20411112400 20511112400 20611111400 20711111400 20811111400 20911111400 21011111400 21111112400 21211112400 21311112400 21411111400 21511112400 21611011300 21711111400 21811012300 21911011300 22011112400 22111112400 22211112400 22311113400 22411112400 22511111400 22611112400 22711111400 22811012300 22911111400 23011111400 23111112400 23211112400 23311111400 23411112400 23510112300 23600112200 23711001200 23811012300 23911111400 24011112400 24111112400 24211012300 ACCUMULATION23823921923637493200 % OCCUPANCY98.3498.7690.4997.52 --

22. 3411102300 3511111400 3611111400 3711111400 3811111400 3911113400 4011111400 4111111400 4211111400 4311112400 4411112400 4511111400 4611111400 4711112400 4811112400 4911111400 5011111400 5111111400 5211111400 5311111400 5411111400 5511112400 5611112400 5711112400 5811111400 5911112400 6011111400 6111111400 6211112400 6311111400 6411112400 6511111400 6611112400 6711111400 6811111400 6911111400 7011111400 7111112400 7211111400 7311111400 7411111400 7511112400 7611111400 7701112300 7811111400 7901111300 8011012300

23. 8111112400 8211112400 8311111400 8411101300 8511112400 8611111400 8711112400 8811111400 8911112400 9011012300 9111012300 9211111400 9311112400 9411012300 9511112400 9611111400 9711111400 9811111400 9911111400 10011111400 10111111400 10211111400 10311111400 10411112400 10511111400 10611111400 10711111400 10811111400 10911111400 11011012300 11111012300 11211111400 11311111400 11411111400 11511102300 11611112400 11711012300 11811111400 11911111400 12011111400 12111111400 12211111400 12311111400 12411012300 12511012300 12611111400 12710112300

24. 12811111400 12911111400 13011113400 13111112400 13211012300 13311112400 13411112400 13511111400 13611012300 13711111400 13811111400 13911112400 14011112400 14111111400 14211012300 14311111400 14411111400 14511112400 14611112400 14711111400 14811112400 14911111400 15011111400 15111112400 15211112400 15311111400 15411012300 15511112400 15611012300 15711111400 15811111400 15911012300 16011112400 16111112400 16211111400 16311111400 16411112400 16511111400 16611112400 16711111400 16811113400 16911112400 17011112400 17111111400 17211113400 17311111400 17411112400

25. 17511112400 17611112400 17711012300 17811113400 17911112400 18011112400 18111111400 18211112400 18301112300 18411111400 18511111400 18611112400 18711111400 18811112400 18911111400 19011112400 19111111400 19211112400 19311111400 19411111400 19511111400 19611112400 19711111400 19811112400 19911111400 20011112400 20111111400 20211112400 20311112400 20411112400 20511112400 20611111400 20711111400 20811111400 20911111400 21011111400 21111112400 21211112400 21311112400 21411111400 21511112400 21611011300 21711111400 21811012300 21911011300 22011112400 22111112400

26. 22211112400 22311113400 22411112400 22511111400 22611112400 22711111400 22811012300 22911111400 23011111400 23111112400 23211112400 23311111400 23411112400 23510112300 23600112200 23711001200 23811012300 23911111400 24011112400 24111112400 24211012300 ACCUMULATION23823921923637493200 % OCCUPANCY98.3498.7690.4997.52 -- Table.2 ( summarize data )

27.  -Parking statistics :  Begin to analyze the data after collection and summarized in order to find the following:  1- The parking volume is the hourly representation of the number of vehicles using the facility during the analysis period.From Table.2 :  We can find this by adding the "vehicle parked" columns ( No.6) of the data summary (table.2) and dividing by the number of hour in the observation period ( 5 hours )   So, The Parking Volume = (sum of Column.6 ) / ( observation period )  = ( 374 / 5 ) = 74.8 veh / hr

28.   2-Turnover is the rate at which each space is used and it computed by dividing the sum of all vehicles observed by the total number of parking space.From Table.2 :  We can find this by adding the "vehicle parked" columns ( No.6) and dividing by sum the number of space ( column No.1 ).   So, Turnover = ( Sum of column.6 ) / (Number of the last row of column 1)  = ( 374 / 242 ) = 1.55 veh per space   3-Duration is the average time a vehicle occupies a space, and it is computed by dividing the total vehicle – hours or vehicle – minutes parked by the total number vehicles.From Table.2 :   We can find this by adding the "Time used" columns ( No.7) and dividing by sum the column "vehicle parked" (No.6 ).   So, Duration = ( sum of column.7 ) / ( sum of column. 6 )  = ( 93200 / 374 ) = 249.2 minutes per parked vehicle  = 4 hours & 9 minutes per parked vehicle

29.  4-Parked load is the amount of available parking actually used and is best expressed in percent. From Table.2   We can find this by the total space – hours or vehicle – minutes parked by the total space- hours or space minutes available.   So, Parking load = ( sum of column.7 ) / ( total space - minutes )  = ( 93200 / (400*242) ) = 0.96 = 96 %   Notice :  - Parking load allows an examination of the use of available parking from one perspective.  - A parking load of 100 % is nearly impossible to achieve, because time elapses during which vehicles search for a parking space and enter and exit spaces and lots.  -Garber and hoel, among others, suggest the average for surface lots is 85%, for garages 80%, and for on-street parking 90%. Values depend on the use of spaces as well, with employee parking load being more inclined to approach 100% than retail parking.  - In this study, the percent is very large versus with 85 % ( for Garber and hoel ), because Students use parking for a long time, according to the time of work shifts extending from the beginning of the study to the end of the study, and do not go out during working hours but a few.

30.  5- Accumulation is simply the total number of vehicles using the spaces at a particular time. From Table.2 :  We can find this by sum the column 2, 3,4 & 5 vehicles, versus with time 7:45, 9 :25, 11:05 & 12:45 respectively, we will be plotting for accumulation over time shows graphically how the parking load changes as time passes and is useful in identifying high – – demand period.

32.  Questions :  -Is the parking area fully utilized ?  No, because the parking load ≠100%, It's 96 %, but in general is semi fully.  -Does the parking demand appear to be satisfied ?  Yes, because Did not reach the upper limit in the parking load.  -Does the duration indicate that employees are using the area most attractive for customers ?  Here are not staff but students, so they are using the parking closest to the gate of the college, and this is evident from the study, we find that the rear lines of parking are almost empty of cars, the other hand, we find that they stop their cars to get wrong for take a distance of less!  -What does the turnover rate indicate ?  Indicates that the duration of high parking! (1.55 veh per space), where up to = 4 hours & 9 minutes per parked vehicle  -Would relocation of the access drives better utilized the parking area ?  parking are distributed correctly, we do not see that there is no need for redistribution but should emphasize the person violates the park, as well as to separate the entrance gate on the exit so that there is a bottleneck entrance at peak times, as we saw it!  -Is there one time period that exhibits a much higher demand than others? Why?  Yes, At 9:25 accumulation parked is 239 vehicles, Because Some students may be delayed and not attend the first lecture and attend the second lecture, which starts at nine in the morning  -Except for construction of new spaces, what can be done to improve parking at this location ?  As mentioned in the previous question, must be separated entrance parking for exit,  -How can video monitoring, or mobile video taping equipment, be used to improve the data collection process ?   Can sprinkle camera at the entrance to parking in addition to exit, from the beginningto the end of the day, and subtracting the number of cars entering from outside we can find the number of parking within the car in a minute or any time we want!

33.  In addition to the expense of time for each car entered the store the parking of thelicense plate number and time of entry and exit as well as when you calculate the time,so we can create parking for the accuracy of all!  Conclusion :  We find that during this study, the rate of car parking is high!, and due to the work shifts that start from the beginning to the end of the study, in addition to the high Turnover, which means that parking the car was high..  Demand reaches its peak at nine o'clock, and due to that students may fall behind they can not attend the first lecture and attend the second lecture at nine clock.. As well as the parking not filled with full, bringing the Park to a valley to less than 100%, which means that the parking of car- free addition to the rear lines, and we believe that it is unnecessary to create new parking, and sufficiency of such stances improvement, and development of entrance and where it is given.

34. End