1. Hybrid Striped Bass: Spawning Dr. Craig Kasper Hillsborough Community College FAS 1012 Aquaculture

2. General Production Intensive & Extensive Enhancing Phase-I Fish Ensuring Quality Products

3. Morone spp.:Reproduction Broodstock Egg maturation Fry management Fingerlings

4. HSB: Broodstock Wild adults collected by electrofishing or angling. Spring spawning (55-68ºF.) –hormones used ♀-IM 330 IU hCG/kg bwt. ♂- only 150 IU hCG/kg bwt.

5. HSB: Egg Collection & Staging Sampling begins 16 hrs. post inject.(3 mm o.d. cath.) Check @ 2 hr intervals (narrow window) -2 hr sb, 0.5 hr wb Look at eggs microscopically - eggs = blood-free, oil droplet coalesced (transparent) & chorion intact - eggs will be brownish Bottom line...frequent all nighters!!

6. HSB: Stripping/Fertilization Wet method -strip eggs into metal pan with H 2 O -add milt (sperm) -sperm is activated by salinity shock due to water exposure Dry method -strip eggs, add sperm, stir eggs (turkey feather) -add water

7. HSB: Incubation/Hatching Eggs are sticky (good in wild, but <fucundity) -Add bentonite or tannic acid Incubate in MacDonald Jars/100K eggs/jar Continuous flow of O 2 water 2-4 days = hatch Fry “swim-up” and into traugh Stock @ 4 days post-hatch (250K/ha)

8. Future: Physiology and Biochemistry Broodstock –Determination of Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) –Egg Quality –Fry Survivability Phase-I, II, III Fishes –EFA’s –Isoflavones –α-Tocopherol –Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism

9. BY Leonard Lovshin Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Auburn University, AL 36849 CHANNEL CATFISH CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES

10. Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus )

11. Native Range of Channel Catfish in the United States

12. Food Habits

13. Preferred Habitat Rivers Reservoirs and lakes

14. MaximumWeight The world angling record is 26.4 kg caught in Santee Cooper reservoir, South Carolina

15. Reproductive Live History 1. Sexual maturity is reached in 2 to 3 years in the southeastern U. S. 2. Spawning takes place in a cavity formed by rocks, logs or a hole in a lake or river bank. 3. Preferred spawning water temperatures: 21-29 C, with optimal temperature 24 to 26 C.

16. Sexual behavior 1. Males defend a territory/cavity. 2. Female enters the cavity and spawns. 3. Males incubate eggs and defend fry. 4. Males can spawn with more than one female a season. Spawning cavity

17. Catfish are grown in 4 to 10 ha earthen ponds with flat bottoms.

18. Filtered surface water or rainfall Well water Catfish ponds are filled with either:

19. Spawning in captivity: 1. Stock adults 3 to 8 years old 2. Stock 1 male to 2 females 3. Stock 800 kg of brooders/ha female male

20. Spawning Containers float Ammo cans Milk cans Wooden box Boxes in spawning pond

21. Spawning occurs during May and June in the Southeastern U. S. Spawning cans are checked every 2 to 3 days for spawns.

22. Hatching Shed Eggs are transported to a hatching shed.

23. Eggs are placed in 5-mm square wire mesh baskets suspended in a paddlewheel incubator.

24. Eggs hatch in 5 to 6 days at water temperatures of 24 to 26 °C.

25. Fry are fed powdered feed. Screen bottom boxesFiberglass trough Fry are placed in screen boxes or troughs for 7 to 14 days before stocking in ponds.

26. Fry are stocked at 150,000 to 250,000/ha and grown for 5 months.

27. Fry are fed powdered, crumbled and pelleted feeds.

28. Fingerlings are stocked in fattening ponds during January to March. Stocking density is 15,000 to 20,000/ha.

29. Catfish feed is purchased by the bag or delivered in bulk and stored in silos.

30. corn wheat soybean Floating pellets Floating pellets are distributed by a feed blower mounted on a truck.

31. Feed amount is controlled by an electronic scale located in the truck cab. Catfish are fed what they will eat up to a maximum of 120 kg/ha/day.

32. Dissolved oxygen concentration is checked night and day to assure that levels remain above 2 mg/l.

33. No water exchange is practiced because ponds are large and pumping water is costly. Electric (fixed) and tractor (mobile) powered paddlewheels are used to increase D. O. levels.

34. Low D. O. can kill catfish within 1 or 2 hours.

35. Many diseases cause fish mortality.

36. Gas cannon to scare the birds Shoo ! Birds consume many fish in some regions.

37. Catfish are removed from the pond with a seine stored on a hydraulic reel powered by a tractor.

38. Management systems used: 1.Monoharvest All catfish are removed from the pond when they reach 0.5 to 1.0 kg, 6 to 12 months from stocking. Ponds are drained yearly. 2. Multi-harvest Only catfish larger than 0.5 kg are removed by partial seine harvest. Ponds are restocked yearly with small catfish. Large and small catfish are in the pond together. Ponds are partial harvested 2 to 3 times per year. Ponds are drained every 5 to 8 years.

39. Catfish are retained in a holding net overnight to eliminate small catfish. Fish are crowded for loading onto the transport truck. A crew of 5 can load 15,000 kg of fish in 1 hour.

40. scale Catfish are weighed onto trucks taking the fish to the processing factory. Each basket holds 900 kg of fish.

41. Fish are checked for off-flavor 2 weeks, 1 day and upon arrival at the processor. Off-flavor fish are not harvested.

42. scale Catfish are weighed a second time upon arrival at the processor. Fish arrive alive.

43. Catfish are cleaned, filleted and frozen by the processor.

44. 1. Whole - 20 % 2. Pieces and bellies - 20% 3. Fillets - 60 % Preservation method as a percentage of total catfish processed: 1. iced - 20 % 2. frozen - 80 % whole steaks Fillets and nuggets strips Processed forms as a percentage of total catfish processed:

45. The catfish industry maintains a quality control program to insure the consumer a fresh and healthy product.

46. Mississippi accounts for 65 % of farmed catfish Principle farming states are located in the Southeastern U. S.. Mississippi (MS) Alabama (AL) and Arkansas (AR) produce 90 % of the farmed catfish.

47. 4. Close to major grain farming regions - cheap fish feeds 3. Abundant water and clay soils 2. Warm climate 1. Popular food fish - market The channel catfish industry developed in the Southeast because:

48. 4,000 to 7,000 kg/ha/year Pond yield

49. YEARLIVE WEIGHT AVG. PRICE * PROCESSED, KG PER KG, $US. ---------------------------- ----------------- 1970 2,609,545 0.75 1975 7,336,363 1.09 198021,120,000 1.50 1985 87,098,181 1.58 1990 163,636,360 1.69 1995 203,130,000 1.74 1999 271,194,000 1.63 2000 269,819,5401.65 2001 271,141,272 1.43 2002 286,636,8101.25 * Price to farmer for fish delivered to the processing plant Channel Catfish Growth in Live Weight Processed and Average Price per Kilogram, 1970 - 2002

50. EAT MORE CATFISH