1. Art and Architecture of the Ancient World

2. Paleolithic Period Venus of Willendorf (20,000 B.C.)*35 – Found in Austria – Fertility symbol – Exaggeration of human form Lascaux Cave Paintings (15,000 B.C.)*cp8 – Discovered by children in France – Stylized figures of animals – Expressive lines and subtle colors – Colors created by iron ore

3. Ancient Egypt Art inspired by religion – Images of gods Pyramids—feats of engineering and artistry*36 Sphinx sculptures – Combine human and animal characteristics – Great Sphinx at Giza—King Khafre/lion*38 Post and lintel*39 – Two or more vertical columns supporting a horizontal beam Obelisk – Slender, tapered, square shaft surmounted by a pyramid Sculpture – Generalizations of human bodies and faces – Rigid poses – Mycerinus and his Queen (2599-1571 B.C.)*40

4. Art Epochs of Ancient Greece Archaic Age (1000-800 B.C.) Lyric Age (800-500 B.C.) – Lyric poetry flourished – Realism in art Golden Age (500-400 B.C.) – Major developments in drama, architecture, sculpture, and music Hellenistic Age (325-100 B.C.) – Decadent, dramatic art

5. Golden Age Brought about by end of Persian War – Wealth allowed for artistic patronage – Art offered as homage to the gods who granted their victory Pericles’ influence – Made Athens the cultural and artistic center – Construction of buildings on the Acropolis, including the Parthenon*44, cp10 Athenian society – Sought to live beautifully and happily – Master the world through knowledge and logic – Little interest in life after death; did not dwell on grief and suffering – Art commemorated the life of the dead

6. Sculpture Images of physical perfection – Statues of gods used proportions of the human form – Not modeled after real people Praxiteles – One of the foremost artists of the Golden Age – Hermes with the Infant Dionysus*52 Closed form—a solid overall form, with little or no penetration into the surrounding space All action centered toward middle Child is reaching for something—grapes? Lysippus – Aphrodite*54 Closed form Classical proportions of body Balanced Nike of Samothrace (200-1900 B.C.)*56 – Hellenistic – Forward movement suggested by the position of the body and draping of the fabric Laocoon and His Two Sons 1 st -2 nd century A.D.)*57 – Strangled by serpents sent by Athena—retaliation for his resisting the use of Trojan horse – Dynamic lines, expressive faces

7. Architecture* 46 Employed post and lintel construction Stylobate – Platform at the base of the structure Column – Vertical support for the roof Entablature – Horizontal structure above columns – Cornice – Freize – Architrave Pediment – Triangular space extending from cornice to roof

8. Columns* 47 Parts – Base – Shaft—some fluted, some not – Capital—top; decorative elements varied Doric – Associated with mainland Greece – No base – Fluted shaft – Capital is plain Ionic – Associated with Ionia – Slender fluted shaft – Capital features volutes—scroll-like pattern Corinthian – Associated with Corinth – Slender fluted shaft – Ornate capital features acanthus leaves