1. Sc.912.e.6.4
Analyze how specific geologic processes and features are expressed in Florida and elsewhere.

2. Earth Structures - The scientific theory of plate tectonics provides the framework for much of modern geology. Over geologic time, internal and external sources of energy have continuously altered the features of Earth by means of both constructive and destructive forces. All life, including human civilization, is dependent on Earth's internal and external energy and material resources.

3. 16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Chapter 16: The Dynamic Ocean
Online Field Trips
Chapter Quiz
Study Guide Summary (PowerPoint presentation)
Web Quest: Will I Be Treading Water?
Web Resources
Ocean Circulation: Links on ocean currents
Ocean Movement: Waves and Tides: Links on ocean waves
Beach and Shoreline Processes: Links on coastal changes
Animations

4. DAY1 How are sediments along the shoreline moved?
By which processes do shoreline features form?
What structures can be built to protect a shoreline?
What is beach nourishment?

5. Key Terms: Wave refraction Spits Tombolos The bending of waves
Elongated ridge of sand
Tombolos
Ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or another island

6. Key Terms: Sandbar Beach nourishment
A ridge formed by ocean currents depositing sand near the shore.
Beach nourishment
Addition of sand to the beach

7. 16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Forces Acting on the Shoreline
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
 A beach is the accumulation of sediment found along the shore of a lake or ocean.
 Waves along the shoreline are constantly eroding, transporting, and depositing sediment. Many types of shoreline features can result from this activity.

8. 16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Forces Acting on the Shoreline
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
 Wave Impact
• The impact of large, high-energy waves against the shore can be awesome in its violence. Each breaking wave may hurl thousands of tons of water against the land, sometimes causing the ground to tremble.
 Abrasion
• Abrasion is the sawing and grinding action of rock fragments in the water.
• Abrasion is probably more intense in the surf zone than in any other environment.

9. 16
CHAPTER
Wind, Waves, and Currents
CHAPTER HOME
16.3 Shoreline Features
VOCABULARY
Waves affect the shoreline by eroding and depositing materials.
beach
sandbar
fjord
Sea cliffs, sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks result from shoreline erosion.
Longshore current
Sea cliff
Sea arch
Sea stack
SECTION OUTLINE

10. What could have caused this? Why is it so smooth?
Look at this picture:
Waves crashing into the cliff
The sand carried by crashing waves acts like sandpaper on the cliff
They will eventually fall into the ocean
What could have caused this?
Why is it so smooth?
What will most likely happen to the trees on top of this cliff?

11. DAY 2 Fill in the following concept map Wave Refraction Causes this
in bays
is defined as
Bending of waves, errosion, deposition
causes this
on headlands

12. 16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Forces Acting on the Shoreline
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
 Wave Refraction
• Wave refraction is the bending of waves, and it plays an important part in the shoreline process.
• Because of refraction, wave energy is concentrated against the sides and ends of headlands that project into the water, whereas wave action is weakened in bays.

13. Wave Refraction
Makes no sense without caption in book

14. What is wave refraction and what are its effects?
Causes this
in bays
is defined as
Bending of waves, errosion, deposition
Bending of waves
deposition
causes this
on headlands
erosion

15. Depositional Features Match term to area in picture
DAY 3
Depositional Features
Match term to area in picture
Spits, Bars and Tombolos

16. 16
CHAPTER
Wind, Waves, and Currents
CHAPTER HOME
16.3 Shoreline Features
VOCABULARY
Waves affect the shoreline by eroding and depositing materials.
beach
sandbar
fjord
Sandbars, spits, baymouth bars, hooks, lagoons, and barrier islands result from shoreline deposition.
Longshore current
Lagoon
Spit
Baymouth bar
SECTION OUTLINE

17. Shoreline Processes and Features
Depositional Features
Shoreline Processes and Features
 Spits, Bars, and Tombolos
• Where longshore currents and other surf zone currents are active, several features related to the movement of sediment along the shore may develop.
- A spit is an elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an adjacent bay.
- A baymouth bar is a sandbar that completely crosses a bay.
- A tombolo is a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island.

18. Evolution of Shoreline Features
Match term to area in picture;
Spits, Bars and Tombolos
Makes no sense without caption in book

19. 16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
Depositional Features
16.3 Shoreline Processes and Features
 Barrier Islands
• Barrier islands are narrow sandbars parallel to, but separate from, the coast at distances from 3 to 30 kilometers offshore.

20. Barrier Islands
Makes no sense without caption in book

21. DAY 4
Create a Venn Diagram for helpful and harmful effects of Beach Nourishment
Beach quality and storm protection are improved. The process can be expensive and can harm local marine life.

22. Shoreline Processes and Features
Stabilizing the Shore
Shoreline Processes and Features
 Protective Structures
• Groins, breakwaters, and seawalls are some structures built to protect a coast from erosion or to prevent the movement of sand along a beach.
 Beach Nourishment
• Beach nourishment is the addition of large quantities of sand to the beach system.

23. Miami Beach Before and After Beach Nourishment
Makes no sense without caption in book

24. Day 4
FCIM Assessment