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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqMCzu IiPaM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqMCzu IiPaM
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3 Parts Fundus- Top Body- Middle Section Pyloris- Inferior Portion
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2 Sphincters – Circular muscles at the beginning and end of the stomach. Cardiac (esophageal) Sphincter – Prevents stomach contents from escaping back into the esophagus. Pyloric Sphincter- separates the stomach from the small intestine.
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Holds between 2-3 Pints of Fluid (about ½ gallon) Thick Mucous Lining- protects tissues of the stomach from becoming “digested” What do you think would happen if this mucous lining was not there?
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Rugae- Folds in the inner lining of the stomach Walls of the stomach hold various cells that produce stomach acid (HCl) 3 Glands Secrete: Mucous HCl Pepsinogen (Pepsin)- Enzyme that digests protein
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Food is mixed in with gastric juices producing “Chyme” the consistency of “pea soup”. Muscles – wave like contractions
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URHBBE 3RKEs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URHBBE 3RKEs
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBbwC2 V2NpQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBbwC2 V2NpQ
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Foods high in Carbs spend little time in the stomach while foods high in Protein spend a little more time. Foods high in Fat spend the most time in the stomach because they trigger an enzyme to be released in the small intestine that slows stomach emptying.
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Duodenum- (12) Jejunum- (empty) Ileum- (twisted)
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Middle portion of small intestine Villi- (tufts of hair) Micro Villi
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Secretes intestinal enzymes that further breakdown food. Intestinal Amylase Intestinal Protease Intestinal Lipase Begin absorption of nutrients
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Last Portion of Small Intestine Absorption of Nutrients (mostly) Some enzymatic production
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Colon- Absorption of water, ions, and some vitamins No villi Waste becomes solid (feces) Contains bacteria that aid in the breakdown of food and some B vitamins along with the production of vitamin K.
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Liver Gall Bladder Pancreas
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Functions (2 main) 1. Glycogenesis 2. Production of Bile
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Aids regulating blood sugar levels in the body by storing glycogen when blood sugar is high, and converting glycogen into glucose when blood sugar is low.
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Bile salts emulsify fats (makes them into little fat “droplets”).
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Stores Bile
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Makes Insulin (lowers blood sugar) Pancreatic Enzymes: Pancreatic Amylase Pancreatic Protease Pancreatic Lipase
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