2. The Diffusion of Smartboard Technology Karen V. Bunn Walden University Diffusion and Integration of Educational Technology EDUC 7101 Dr. Jock Schoger

3. SMART Technologies is an interactive products company, best known for its interactive, touch screen whiteboard, which can be hooked up to a computer and projector. The computer screen is projected onto the board where you can use a finger to touch menu buttons and control applications or write on the board with a finger or pen tool. Everything done on the SMART Board is digital, so it can be saved to an electronic file, modified, reused or repurposed, as needed. SMART Technologies is an interactive products company, best known for its interactive, touch screen whiteboard, which can be hooked up to a computer and projector. The computer screen is projected onto the board where you can use a finger to touch menu buttons and control applications or write on the board with a finger or pen tool. Everything done on the SMART Board is digital, so it can be saved to an electronic file, modified, reused or repurposed, as needed. SMART Board SMART Board

4. Idea for SmartBoard Idea for SmartBoard Smartboard Technologies founded in 1987 by partners David Martin and Nancy Knowlton, a venture that initially began as projector distributors. SMART Technologies is the industry pioneer and market leader in developing collaborative products for classrooms and meeting rooms. Smartboard Technologies founded in 1987 by partners David Martin and Nancy Knowlton, a venture that initially began as projector distributors. SMART Technologies is the industry pioneer and market leader in developing collaborative products for classrooms and meeting rooms.David Martin and Nancy KnowltonSMART TechnologiesDavid Martin and Nancy KnowltonSMART Technologies

5. Research Stage 2 Initial funding for the Smartboard was provided by revenue generated through projector sales and was directed toward its research and development

6. Major Investors Major Investors The Company is owned by the co-founders, Intel Corporation and funds advised by Apax Partners, all with a minority position. Intel Capital Intel Capital Intel's venture capital organization, makes equity investments in innovative technology start-ups and companies worldwide. Intel Capital invests in a broad range of companies offering hardware, software, and services targeting enterprise, home, mobility, health, consumer Internet, and semiconductor manufacturing. Intel's venture capital organization, makes equity investments in innovative technology start-ups and companies worldwide. Intel Capital invests in a broad range of companies offering hardware, software, and services targeting enterprise, home, mobility, health, consumer Internet, and semiconductor manufacturing. Apax Partners Apax Partners Apax Partners is one of the world’s leading private equity investment groups. It operates across the United States, Europe and Asia and has more than 30 years of investing experience Apax Partners is one of the world’s leading private equity investment groups. It operates across the United States, Europe and Asia and has more than 30 years of investing experience

7. Stage 1 Need low speed modems low speed modems Early versions of Microsoft Windows software that were often unstable and slow Early versions of Microsoft Windows software that were often unstable and slow processors with little graphics capability created processors with little graphics capability created need for quicker, faster, and need for quicker, faster, and more stable modes of more stable modes of collaborative communication collaborative communication

8. Stage 3 Development: Intended audiences were Corporate offices and institutions of education. Development: Intended audiences were Corporate offices and institutions of education. The early years of SmartBoard were characterized by slow sales as few knew of the technology or why it was needed, its potential, or its benefits. The early years of SmartBoard were characterized by slow sales as few knew of the technology or why it was needed, its potential, or its benefits.

9. Stage 4 Promotion of Promotion of SmartBoard Marketing was directed at educators and private organizations who wanted faster modes of communication, and the ability to collaborate or give lectures at a distance. Demonstrations to promote Smartboard technology showcased its interactivity and usefulness.

10. Decision Process Knowledge By 2000 SmartBoard Technologies had By 2000 SmartBoard Technologies had become popular within institutions of become popular within institutions of education after discovering how SmartBoard could be utilized effectively in the classroom. education after discovering how SmartBoard could be utilized effectively in the classroom.

11. The initial small group of educators has grown into an international community spanning over 175 countries. Hundreds of thousands of teachers and students use SmartBoards in classrooms all over the world. The initial small group of educators has grown into an international community spanning over 175 countries. Hundreds of thousands of teachers and students use SmartBoards in classrooms all over the world.classrooms SMART Board interactive whiteboards lead the interactive whiteboard category with a 53% global market share, 60% in the Americas, and a 64% share in the United States. SMART Board interactive whiteboards lead the interactive whiteboard category with a 53% global market share, 60% in the Americas, and a 64% share in the United States. To market its many technology products, Smart technologies often holds symposiums, video contests for educators, and district-wide share-outs for students. To market its many technology products, Smart technologies often holds symposiums, video contests for educators, and district-wide share-outs for students. Decision Process

12. Communication Channels Implementation Instructional, professional development Instructional, professional development Student engagement, and participation Student engagement, and participation Student collaboration tools Student collaboration tools Student motivation and interactivity Student motivation and interactivity Engages multiple learning styles Engages multiple learning styles Unlimited resources Unlimited resources Videoconferencing/real-time Videoconferencing/real-time Broadens communication venues Broadens communication venues Flexible learning environment in delivering content Flexible learning environment in delivering content Increased student enrollment and attendance Increased student enrollment and attendance Effective administrators become more effective leaders Effective administrators become more effective leaders

13. SmartBoard “S” Curve 1987 1991 2002 2000 2009 2008 Has 53% share of global market 60% in the Americas 1 millionth smartboard produced Projected sales of over 7 million units 64% share in U.S. Data by FutureSource Consulting, Ltd.

14. SmartBoard 20 Years of Innovation SmartBoard 20 Years of Innovation Facts & Statistics 1.Over 1,000,000 smartboards have been installed throughout the world in education, corporate, government, and military settings. 2.Over 20,000,000 students in over 900,000 classrooms, in more than 175 countries around the world currently use Smartboards. 3.Over 80% of the top 500 school districts in the U.S. use Smart products 4.Smart technology supports over 44 languages. 5.Corporations and Military organizations such as Texas Instruments, NASA, Dept. of Defense, and Boeing are adopting Smart products globally for training and collaboration. 6.Smart Technologies has reached a billion dollars in sales

15. Perceived Attributes Compatibility – the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters. Compatibility – the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters. Relative Advantage – The degree to which benefits are apparent and measurable: Student engagement, motivation, enhanced learning, collaborative opportunities. Relative Advantage – The degree to which benefits are apparent and measurable: Student engagement, motivation, enhanced learning, collaborative opportunities.

16. Strategies to Persuade Demonstrations, in-class intervisitation, and observations during instruction integrating Smartboard. These are some of the strategies that are currently being employed to convince decision-makers to adopt Smartboard technology.

17. Early Adopters Are Teachers, Media Specialist, and Administrators all of whom are respected by their peers, and who are considered to be the “go to” person for advice and information about an innovation. All are considered central figures within the communication network of the school. (Rogers, 2003)

18. Change Agents Teachers who are perceived as credible trustworthy, and are considered a near peer. Teachers who are perceived as credible trustworthy, and are considered a near peer. The teachers who are able to identify and mobilize opinion leaders within the school. The teachers who are able to identify and mobilize opinion leaders within the school. Media Specialists who work in the library/media department, who are familiar with Smartboard technology and its resources. Media Specialists who work in the library/media department, who are familiar with Smartboard technology and its resources. Technology Support Technicians (TST) who are responsible for day to day operations and technical support of school’s computers and software. Technology Support Technicians (TST) who are responsible for day to day operations and technical support of school’s computers and software.

19. SmartBoard Annual Sales of interactive whiteboard market Data by FutureSource Consulting, Ltd. percentpercent *Europe, Middle East, Africa

20. Critical Mass Initially sales of Smartboard technology were slow, (1987- 1991) but as both the data of the “S” curve and Smartboard Annual Sales Chart indicate, critical mass of the Smartboard Interactive Whiteboard was reached in 2000. The rise in sales overall was due to the thousands of documented success stories, and change agents who were proactive in their quest to bring classroom instruction into the 21 st century. Smartboard considered the premier of interactive whiteboards, has been able to successfully sustain sales through 2008 with projected sales of units to reach 7 million for 2009.

21. Diffusion System Approach Smartboard technology’s operational level rose from relative obscurity through its creators, who were the lead users. Smartboard technology’s operational level rose from relative obscurity through its creators, who were the lead users. Although the Innovation of Smartboard contains characteristics of both centralized and decentralized approaches, Decentralized contains more factors that make up the entire system of diffusion for this technology Although the Innovation of Smartboard contains characteristics of both centralized and decentralized approaches, Decentralized contains more factors that make up the entire system of diffusion for this technology The use and benefits of Smartboard technology spread initially horizontally through peer networks with each adopter serving as change agents. The use and benefits of Smartboard technology spread initially horizontally through peer networks with each adopter serving as change agents.

22. Change Agent Roles Develop a Need for Change Teachers as change agents will visit peer often to discuss students’ lack of motivation, uninspiring lessons, and also empathize with peer discussing possible methods for change. Establish an information exchange relationship Once the need is established, trust-building is crucial; the rapport the change agent has with peer will continue to be developed by creating a relationship through dialogue on a daily basis. To Diagnose Problems Change agent will discuss alternatives previously tried that have not met the peer’s needs, (i.e., lessons containing little or no interactivity, few meaningful collaborative opportunities.)

23. Creating an Intent to Change To further motivate the intended adopter, the change agent will use the “show and tell” method by demonstrating use of innovation, its benefits and efficacy. To Translate Intent to Action At this point the change agent will continue discussions with opinion leaders (principal, assistant principal, librarian, media personnel) motivate and encourage communication with near peers by creating school website documenting Smartboard lessons created by teachers.

24. Stabilzing Adoption/Preventing Discontinuance To effectively stabilize and reinforce new behaviors for continued use of Smartboard, ongoing assistance (training, resources) will be provided. Achieving a Terminal Relationship Now focused on the goal of transitioning the teacher from the role of dependence – to one of independence. The teacher will now become the change agent by applying new behaviors and learned skills on a regular basis and through motivation by sharing with peers.

25. Laggards/Slow Adopters Laggards/Slow Adopters Those who are resistant to adoption of new technologies or change. Those who are resistant to adoption of new technologies or change. lack of technological skills, intimidation, time constraints, or level of comfort with routine instructional methods. lack of technological skills, intimidation, time constraints, or level of comfort with routine instructional methods.

26. Methods to Motivate Laggards Hands-on training, resources, and on- going support will be made available. The relationship and rapport with change agent will continue to develop until level of comfort is reached, and adopter is able to sustain momentum and ultimately becomes a change agent. Hands-on training, resources, and on- going support will be made available. The relationship and rapport with change agent will continue to develop until level of comfort is reached, and adopter is able to sustain momentum and ultimately becomes a change agent.

27. The Role of Champion s a champion for Smartboard technology I assume and accept the role of a leader who will further develop and build rapport with peers; utilizing “people skills”, powers of persuasion, resources and technical support to insure that adoption is realized, and critical mass is reached and sustained.(Rogers, 2003) As a champion for Smartboard technology I assume and accept the role of a leader who will further develop and build rapport with peers; utilizing “people skills”, powers of persuasion, resources and technical support to insure that adoption is realized, and critical mass is reached and sustained.(Rogers, 2003)

28. ”Leaders instill in their people a hope for success and a belief in themselves. Positive leaders empower people to accomplish their goals” ”Leaders instill in their people a hope for success and a belief in themselves. Positive leaders empower people to accomplish their goals”Anonymous

29. Join the 21 st Century

30. Smart Technology Resources Educational sites: http://faculty.usiouxfalls.edu/arpeterson/smartboard.htm Educational sites: http://faculty.usiouxfalls.edu/arpeterson/smartboard.htm http://faculty.usiouxfalls.edu/arpeterson/smartboard.htm Eduscapes.com http://eduscapes.com/sessions/smartboard/ Eduscapes.com http://eduscapes.com/sessions/smartboard/http://eduscapes.com/sessions/smartboard/ East Carter School Tech Department: East Carter School Tech Department: http://www.ecarter.k12.mo.us/dept/elementary/fourthgrade/ccrites/etipsl esson1.html http://www.ecarter.k12.mo.us/dept/elementary/fourthgrade/ccrites/etipsl esson1.html Lees Summit Montana School District: Interactive Smartboard Lessons: http://its.leesummit.k12.mo.us/smartboard.htm Lees Summit Montana School District: Interactive Smartboard Lessons: http://its.leesummit.k12.mo.us/smartboard.htmhttp://its.leesummit.k12.mo.us/smartboard.htm Technology and Innovation in Education (TIE): Technology and Innovation in Education (TIE): http://mtorgrude.tie.wikispaces.net/Fun+with+Math+Using+SmartBoard+Techn ology

31. References Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy. Retrieved October 13, 2009 from http://edorigami.wikispaces.com/Bloom%27s+Digital+Taxonomy#toc12 Eduscapes.com: Engaging Learners the Smartboard Way. Retrieved October 13,2009 from http://eduscapes.com/sessions/smartboard/ FutureSource Consultiing, Ltd. Retrieved October 14, 2009 from http://www2.smarttech.com/NR/rdonlyres/96CBA199-BD1E-4F70-B5A4- 2B1228145913/0/FuturesourceSMART2008.pdf http://www2.smarttech.com/NR/rdonlyres/96CBA199-BD1E-4F70-B5A4- 2B1228145913/0/FuturesourceSMART2008.pdf Interactive sites for SmartBoard Use. Retrieved October 5, 2009 from http://www1.center.k12.mo.us/edTech/resources/SBsites.htm Nancy Knowlton. Retrieved October14th, 2009 from Innovation Alberta. http://www.innovationalberta.coEnm/article.php?articleid=86 http://www.innovationalberta.coEnm/article.php?articleid=86 SmartBoard Facts and Stats. Retrieved October 13 th, 2009 from http://www.elearning-africa.com/pdf/press/press_kit_2009/PM_eng/SMART.pdf

32. References Smart Communnities. http://www.mysmartspaces.co.uk/ http://www.mysmartspaces.co.uk/ Smartboard Research: http://www.ask.com/bar?q=Smart+Board+Research&page=1&qsrc= 6&ab=0&u=http%3A2F%2Fwww.waukesha.k12.wi.us%2FWIT%2FS martBoard%2Fbenefits.htm http://www.ask.com/bar?q=Smart+Board+Research&page=1&qsrc= 6&ab=0&u=http%3A2F%2Fwww.waukesha.k12.wi.us%2FWIT%2FS martBoard%2Fbenefits.htm http://www.ask.com/bar?q=Smart+Board+Research&page=1&qsrc= 6&ab=0&u=http%3A2F%2Fwww.waukesha.k12.wi.us%2FWIT%2FS martBoard%2Fbenefits.htm Smart Technology Sites: Retrieved October 7, 2009 from http://faculty.usiouxfalls.edu/arpeterson/smartboard.htm http://faculty.usiouxfalls.edu/arpeterson/smartboard.htm Wikiopedia.org: SmartBoard Technology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartboard http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartboard Wikiopedia.org: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_Technologies http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_Technologies Xtimeline: retrieved October 5, 2009 from http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=278672