1. Blood types 김범준 ( 성대물리 ) 이성훈, 이동명 ( 아주대물리 ) 김완석 ( 아주대심리 )

2. Motivation Chat over dinner table with my wife Is there any relation between the blood type and personality? Recent movie “My boyfriend is type B”. Nature versus Nurture Men from Mars, women from Venus. Genetics has at least something to do with personality. Can blood type determine personality? Can it be so simple? Not a physics probably. Just for Fun! What is physics anyway?

3. What to study? Relation between blood types of married couples: on-line survey (274 answered). Relation between blood types and MBTI psychological test (851 university students + me). Disguised to be more scientific Blood distance between ethnic groups Build weighted network Correlation between blood distance and geographic distance

4. Biology: ABO Blood System and are dominant over Six genotypes:,,,,, Four phenotypes: Three alleles:

5. Biology: Hardy-Weinberg Principle Principle of random mating Mean-field approximation in physics Allelic frequnecy Genotypic frequency from H-W E.g., Phenotypic frequency from H-W

6. Statistics: chi-square test You throw a coin 100 times. 40 heads, and 60 tails are observed. Is the coin normal? Null hypothesis: The coin is O.K. The deviation is only due to statistical fluctuation. Expected frequencies : Observed frequencies : Big means the coin is strange. How big is big? follows the chi-square distribution with d.o.f. = 1 in the table. The deviation is statistically significant. The hypothesis is rejected with error threshold 0.05. Strange coin.

7. Statistics: chi-square test The chi-square test of independence between two categorial variables. Null hypothesis: Two are independent Chi-square distribution with d.o.f.

8. Blood Types of Married Couples

9. Married Couples On-line survey (274 couples) E.g, (Male A, Female A) has (78/274)(88/274)(274) = 25.1 (via null hypothesis of random mating ) : null hypothesis is not rejected with error threshold 0.05, i.e., Female AFemale BFemale ABFemale OTotal Male A27 (25.1)26 (22.5) 8 (7.1)17 (23.3)78 Male B26 (26.7)23 (23.9)5 (7.6)29 (24.8)83 Male AB9 (11.2)9 (10.1)1 (3.2)16 (10.5)35 Male O26 (25.1)21 (22.5)11 (7.1)20 (23.3)78 Total88792582274

10. Married Couples Hardy-Weinberg assumption is valid. When you fall in love, you are blind to everything including blood type of your love. Marriage is often assortative. Blood-type blind marriage indirectly implies the independence between blood type and some traits. (If A is taller than other types, we expect more A-A couples.)

11. Distribution of Blood Types

12. Representation of group of people Blood type distribution (frequencies of A,B,AB,O) in ethnic groups are known. E.g., Korea: A=32%, B=31%, AB=10%, O=28% From H-W principle, Each ethnic group is represented as a point in plane.

13. 64 Ethnic Groups

14. 2D representation of people 아시아 :* 아프리카 : 삼각형 유럽 :+ 북아메리카 :x 남아메리카 : 네모 오세아니아 : 역삼각형 Time evolution of a group: flow in (p,r) plane. Will the fixed point exist? All ethnic groups will merge to a single fixed point?

15. Blood vs geographic distance Correlation exists!

16. Smaller scale 혈액형비율 O 형 (%)A 형 (%)B 형 (%)AB 형 (%) 위도 (N, 도 ) 경도 (E, 도 ) 서울 27.333.92711.837.55126.99 부산 27.134.626.611.735.1129.03 대구 27.633.227.811.435.87128.6 인천 26.833.927.31237.47126.63 광주 25.237.924.512.435.15126.9 대전 26.234.827.211.836.32127.42 울산 27.833.726.312.235.53129.3 경기 27.533.826.811.937.25127 강원 29.330.428.212.137.75128.88 충북 27.433.927.411.336.97127.93 충남 26.734.926.112.336.8127.15 전북 2636.925.11235.82127.17 전남 25.837.324.612.334.73127.73 경북 28.132.927.711.336.02129.37 경남 27.834.525.811.935.27128.62 제주 25.828.532.113.633.5126.52

17. Smaller scale People marry people nearby. Geographically distant two groups can sometimes have short blood distance. But not vice versa.

18. Network Weight = inverse blood distance. (cutoff = 25.0) A way of measuring genetic distance between groups

19. Network Interesting observations: Japan is closer to Russia. Korea and China-Peking are close. Fit well to what we expect (with some exception)

20. Korean Network

21. Blood type and MBTI

22. Psychology: MBTI Test Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Bisect personality in four different axes Extrovert/Introvert (E/I) Sensing/Intuition (S/N) Thinking/Feeling (T/F) Judging/Perceiving (J/P) 16 different combinations: ESTJ, …, INFP Me? INTJ

23. MBTI

24. Blood and MBTI Size of table (blood type x MBTI) = 64 852 people seem not enough. Independence test for blood type and four pairs of MBTI (E/I, S/N, T/F, J/P). 4 x 2 : d.o.f = 3,

25. Blood and MBTI IETotal A195 (182.3)102 (114.7)297 B123 (125.8)82 (79.2)205 AB61 (60.8)38 (38.2)99 O144 (154.1)107 (96.9)251 Total523329852 SNTotal A200 (192.4)97 (104.6)297 B111 (132.8)94 (72.2)205 AB63 (64.1)36 (34.9)99 O178 (162.6)73 (88.4)251 Total552300852 TFTotal A181 (180.6)116 (116.4)297 B121 (124.6)84 (80.4)205 AB67 (60.2)32 (38.8)99 O149 (152.6)102 (98.4)251 Total518334852 JPTotal A140 (127.6)157 (169.4)297 B75 (88.1)130 (116.9)205 AB42 (42.5)57 (56.5)99 O109 (107.8)142 (143.2)251 Total366486852

26. Blood and MBTI I/E, T/F, J/P : independent of blood type. For S/N : one can reject the null hypothesis of independence with the error threshold 0.01. In detail for S/N: Male behave strangely. In more detail, it is found that ‘B type male’ tends to belong N rather than S.

27. Rumors and MBTI Internet: ▷자신감이 넘치다 못해 하늘을 찌른다 ▷누구의 말이건 일단 무시하고 본다 ▷타인의 시선이나 감정을 고려하지 않는다 ▷성격이 급하다 보니 언제나 행동이 앞선다 ▷남자다움과 여자다움에 대한 고정관념이 크다 ▷화가 나면 며칠씩 전화도 안 받는다 ▷무드라고는 눈곱만큼도 찾아볼 수 없다 ▷매사에 즉흥적이고 싫증을 잘 낸다 ▷감정기복이나 변덕이 여자보다 더하다

28. “My Boyfriend is Type B” Two possibilities Male B is really more biased to N than to S (Intuition >Sensing) They were affected by recent boom on “My boyfriend is type B”. Case 1: Why then all other 63 combinations (e.g., female B versus I/E) do not show correlation? Maybe Case 2. What you think?

29. Disregarding S/N Neglecting S/N axis, we have all 8 categories for MBTI:4 x 8 = 32, d.o.f. = 21 Blood types and MBTI are independent

30. Disregarding male B Blood type and MBTI are independent.

31. Conclusion Choice of spouse : blood-type blind. Hardy- Weinberg principle is verified. Each ethnic group is represented by a point in 2D space of allelic frequency. Time evolution? Fixed point? Blood distance between two groups is related with geographic distance. (On globe and in Korea). Weighted network constructed.

32. Conclusion Blood type and personality is weakly correlated with exception of male B. Strong correlation between “male B” and “N (Intuition)” type in MBTI: Genuine ? Affected by recent discussion on “B type boyfriend”? What you think?