1. Unit 9 Against All Odds

2. 教学目的 ： 以课文内容为纲，关键语汇为点带领学生 了解文化背景知识，认识课文逻辑顺序和 结构安排； 以课文内容为纲，关键语汇为点带领学生 了解文化背景知识，认识课文逻辑顺序和 结构安排； 通过讨论精彩段落写作的要素和手段，帮 助学生掌握描写该种情形的技巧，并能够 进行相似主题的短文欣赏和写作。 通过讨论精彩段落写作的要素和手段，帮 助学生掌握描写该种情形的技巧，并能够 进行相似主题的短文欣赏和写作。

3. 教学重点： 识别关键语汇（形容词、名词和短语）以 分析文章的逻辑结构及其效果； 识别关键语汇（形容词、名词和短语）以 分析文章的逻辑结构及其效果；

4. 教学内容： 以形象的方式结合课文内容发展顺序，带 领学生了解霍金生平，提高学生勇于面对 困难、克服困难的意识； 以形象的方式结合课文内容发展顺序，带 领学生了解霍金生平，提高学生勇于面对 困难、克服困难的意识； 启发学生寻找关键语汇，总结全文整体的 逻辑结构和各个部分的行文安排以及由此 达到的效果 启发学生寻找关键语汇，总结全文整体的 逻辑结构和各个部分的行文安排以及由此 达到的效果

5. 教学方法： 多种教学方法并用（讲授、问答、讨论、 模仿、练习等） 多种教学方法并用（讲授、问答、讨论、 模仿、练习等）

6. Background Information Stephen William Hawking (1942- ) ： British theoretical physicist and mathematician whose main field of research has been the beginning of the universe, and a unified theory of physics, the nature of space and time, including irregularities in space and time known as singularities. Stephen William Hawking (1942- ) ： British theoretical physicist and mathematician whose main field of research has been the beginning of the universe, and a unified theory of physics, the nature of space and time, including irregularities in space and time known as singularities.

7. Life experience: Life experience: Born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England... Born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England... In 1958 he entered Oxford University. In 1958 he entered Oxford University. In 1961 he attended a summer course at the Royal Observatory. In 1961 he attended a summer course at the Royal Observatory. In 1962 he completed his undergraduate courses and received a bachelor ’ degree in physics. Then Hawking enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge. In 1962 he completed his undergraduate courses and received a bachelor ’ degree in physics. Then Hawking enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge. In 1966 Hawking earned his Ph.D. degree from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. In 1966 Hawking earned his Ph.D. degree from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. In 1974 he became one of the youngest fellows of the Royal Society. In 1974 he became one of the youngest fellows of the Royal Society. In 1977 he became a professor of physics after finishing doing post-doctoral research at the University of Cambridge. In 1977 he became a professor of physics after finishing doing post-doctoral research at the University of Cambridge. In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.

8. Scientific research: Scientific research: In the earliest stages, Hawking has been concerned with the concept of singularities breakdowns in space and time. The most familiar example of a singularity is a black hole, (the final form of a collapsed star). During the late 1960s Hawking proved that a singularity must occur at the big bang( the explosion that marked the beginning of the universe and the birth of space-time itself). In the earliest stages, Hawking has been concerned with the concept of singularities breakdowns in space and time. The most familiar example of a singularity is a black hole, (the final form of a collapsed star). During the late 1960s Hawking proved that a singularity must occur at the big bang( the explosion that marked the beginning of the universe and the birth of space-time itself). In 1970 Hawking turned to the examination of the properties of black holes: the surface area of the event horizon (The boundary of a black hole) around a black hole could only increase or remain constant with time this area could never decrease. In 1970 Hawking turned to the examination of the properties of black holes: the surface area of the event horizon (The boundary of a black hole) around a black hole could only increase or remain constant with time this area could never decrease. From 1970 to 1974, Hawking provided mathematical proof for the hypothesis as the "No Hair Theorem ” : matter entering a black hole loses its shape, its chemical composition, and its distinction as matter or antimatter. From 1970 to 1974, Hawking provided mathematical proof for the hypothesis as the "No Hair Theorem ” : matter entering a black hole loses its shape, its chemical composition, and its distinction as matter or antimatter. Since 1974 Hawking has studied the behavior of matter in a black hole in quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a theory that describes black holes from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape could emit thermal radiation, or heat. Throughout the 1990s Hawking sought to explain the universe by incorporating all four basic types of interactions between matter and energy: strong nuclear interactions, weak nuclear interactions, electromagnetic interactions, and gravitational interactions. Since 1974 Hawking has studied the behavior of matter in a black hole in quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a theory that describes black holes from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape could emit thermal radiation, or heat. Throughout the 1990s Hawking sought to explain the universe by incorporating all four basic types of interactions between matter and energy: strong nuclear interactions, weak nuclear interactions, electromagnetic interactions, and gravitational interactions.

9. Major works: Universe in a Nutshell/ The Illustrated Brief History of Time(1988) Universe in a Nutshell/ The Illustrated Brief History of Time(1988) Universe in a Nutshell/ The Illustrated Brief History of Time Universe in a Nutshell/ The Illustrated Brief History of Time Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993), Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993), The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the UniverseThe Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe The Future of Spacetime The Future of Spacetime The Future of Spacetime The Future of Spacetime A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes In 1992 American filmmaker Errol Morris helped make all-time best seller A Brief History of Time into a film about Hawking ’ s life and work. A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes In 1992 American filmmaker Errol Morris helped make all-time best seller A Brief History of Time into a film about Hawking ’ s life and work. A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes

10. What is ALS? ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 肌萎 缩侧索硬化 ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 肌萎 缩侧索硬化 A = absence of 缺乏 A = absence of 缺乏 myo = muscle 肌肉 myo = muscle 肌肉 trophic = nourishment 营养 trophic = nourishment 营养 Lateral = side(of spine) （脊髓的）边沿 Lateral = side(of spine) （脊髓的）边沿 Sclerosis = hardening 硬化 Sclerosis = hardening 硬化 The ALS Association is the only national not-for-profit health organization dedicated solely to the fight against ALS through research, patient and community services, public education, and advocacy. The ALS Association is the only national not-for-profit health organization dedicated solely to the fight against ALS through research, patient and community services, public education, and advocacy.

11. The University of Cambridge One of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge consists of over 100 departments, faculties and schools plus a central administration One of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge consists of over 100 departments, faculties and schools plus a central administration

12. Text Analysis Text Analysis

13. I. Text Glimpse I. Text Glimpse Since you have previewed the lesson before class, I ’ d like to ask some students a few questions: Since you have previewed the lesson before class, I ’ d like to ask some students a few questions: 1. How did Stephen Hawking first discover that he had this disease? 1. How did Stephen Hawking first discover that he had this disease? 2. How did Stephen Hawking take the news? 2. How did Stephen Hawking take the news? 3. What helped him get out of his depression? 3. What helped him get out of his depression? 4. How did Hawking struggle bravely against all the physical obstructions? 4. How did Hawking struggle bravely against all the physical obstructions? 5. Can you describe his married life 5. Can you describe his married life

14. II. General Analysis Questions: 1. What kind of order does the text adopt? (the chronological order) Questions: 1. What kind of order does the text adopt? (the chronological order) 2. How many parts can this text be divided into? 2. How many parts can this text be divided into?

15. Language understanding Language understanding

16. 1. odd: 1) peculiar or eccentric, fantastic 奇怪的古怪 1) peculiar or eccentric, fantastic 奇怪的古怪 2) number not divisible by two (opposed to even) 单数的, 奇数的 2) number not divisible by two (opposed to even) 单数的, 奇数的 3) not fixed, not regular, occasional 零星临时 3) not fixed, not regular, occasional 零星临时 e.g. odd-looking man make a living by doing odd jobs e.g. odd-looking man make a living by doing odd jobs odds: 1)the chance in favor of/against sth. Happen 可能的机会 odds: 1)the chance in favor of/against sth. Happen 可能的机会 2) things that are not even, inequalities 不平等 2) things that are not even, inequalities 不平等 e.g. The odds are against/ in favor of us. e.g. The odds are against/ in favor of us. odds and ends: small articles and pieces usu. of small value; odds and ends: small articles and pieces usu. of small value; 零碎杂物 oddment 零碎杂物 oddment

17. 2. modal auxiliaries + perfect tense can/could have done can/could have done may/might have done may/might have done must have done must have done should /ought to have done should /ought to have done needn ’ t have done needn ’ t have done Exercise: Exercise: Her eyes are red. She _____. (cry) Her eyes are red. She _____. (cry) You ____more careful in this experiment. You ____more careful in this experiment. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I __ ; the weather was hot. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I __ ; the weather was hot.

18. 3. prep. + doing has difficulty /trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth. has difficulty /trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth. has a good time (in) doing sth. has a good time (in) doing sth. There is no point /use (in) doing sth. There is no point /use (in) doing sth. What is the use/ point/good (of) doing sth.? What is the use/ point/good (of) doing sth.? be through (with) doing sth. be through (with) doing sth.

19. 4. end up: 结束告终 e.g. People who earn less money but enjoy life may end up happier than those who work too much. e.g. People who earn less money but enjoy life may end up happier than those who work too much.

20. 5. only to: 结果却，不料，反而 e.g. The enemy troops rushed there only to be ambushed. 敌人扑到那里却遭到伏击. e.g. The enemy troops rushed there only to be ambushed. 敌人扑到那里却遭到伏击.

21. 6.worth sth. is worth +n. ( money, time, energy) sth. is worth +n. ( money, time, energy) sth. is worth doing sth. is worth doing

22. 7. worthy: 值得 7. worthy: 值得 be worthy of n. be worthy of being done be worthy to be done be worthy of n. be worthy of being done be worthy to be done

23. 8. worthwhile 8. worthwhile doing sth./to do sth. + be worthwhile doing sth./to do sth. + be worthwhile It is worthwhile + doing sth./to do sth. It is worthwhile + doing sth./to do sth. It is worth one ’ s while + to do sth. It is worth one ’ s while + to do sth. Exercises Exercises The Yellow Stone Park is well ----- The Yellow Stone Park is well ----- a worth visiting b worthy visiting c worth to visit d worth visiting it a worth visiting b worthy visiting c worth to visit d worth visiting it The book is worthy of ------- The book is worthy of ------- a reading b read c having read d being read a reading b read c having read d being read 3) Handle that flower vase carefully; it --- a lot of money. 3) Handle that flower vase carefully; it --- a lot of money. a worths b is worth c worthed d is worthy of a worths b is worth c worthed d is worthy of

24. 9. cover: to include; travel; deal with 包含 包括，处 理，走过 to include; travel; deal with 包含 包括，处 理，走过 e.g. The class covered only half of what the teacher intended. e.g. The class covered only half of what the teacher intended. 这堂课只完成了老师想干的工作的一半。 这堂课只完成了老师想干的工作的一半。 Our trip covered only half of what the tour guide intended. Our trip covered only half of what the tour guide intended. 我们这趟旅游只去了一半导游想去的地方。 我们这趟旅游只去了一半导游想去的地方。

25. 10. turn 10. turn turn up: 1) to fold turn up the shirt sleeves turn up: 1) to fold turn up the shirt sleeves 2)to bring to the surface 2)to bring to the surface 3)to happen/ occur He ’ s still waiting for something to turn up. 3)to happen/ occur He ’ s still waiting for something to turn up. 4)to appear/ arrive He promised to come, but hasn ’ t turned up yet. 4)to appear/ arrive He promised to come, but hasn ’ t turned up yet. Turn up one ’ s nose at sth. 轻视瞧不起 Turn up one ’ s nose at sth. 轻视瞧不起 Turn on/off Turn down 翻下 / 转小拧小 / 拒绝 Turn on/off Turn down 翻下 / 转小拧小 / 拒绝 Turn to 开始工作从事 Turn to 开始工作从事

26. 11.disability: n. 残疾 11.disability: n. 残疾 Compare: able: adj. unable: adj. Compare: able: adj. unable: adj. enable: v. 使能够 enable: v. 使能够 disable: v. 使无能为力， 尤指使残疾 disable: v. 使无能为力， 尤指使残疾 disabled: adj. crippled 残废的 (disabled ex-service man 退役军人 ) disabled: adj. crippled 残废的 (disabled ex-service man 退役军人 )

27. 12. term: 1) fixed period of time 期间 a long term of imprisonment 1) fixed period of time 期间 a long term of imprisonment 2) (of school) period into which academic year is divided 学期 2) (of school) period into which academic year is divided 学期 3) word to express an idea, esp a specialized concept 术语 technical term/ legal terms 3) word to express an idea, esp a specialized concept 术语 technical term/ legal terms 4) (pl.) mode of expression 措辞, 说法 4) (pl.) mode of expression 措辞, 说法 5) conditions offered or agreed to 条件 5) conditions offered or agreed to 条件 6) relations 关系, 交情 6) relations 关系, 交情 e.g. come to/make terms with sb./sth. 与某人达成协议 / 接受某物 e.g. come to/make terms with sb./sth. 与某人达成协议 / 接受某物 be on good /bad/ friendly terms with sb. 与某人关系良好 …. be on good /bad/ friendly terms with sb. 与某人关系良好 …. He referred to your work in terms of high praise. He referred to your work in terms of high praise. I didn ’ t know you and he were on such good terms I didn ’ t know you and he were on such good terms

28. 13.synonyms: adviser, counselor, instructor, supervisor, faculty staff (pl.), crew adviser, counselor, instructor, supervisor, faculty staff (pl.), crew

29. 14. affect: act on effect: result; outcome influence: v./n. exercise power to affect one ’ s character, beliefs or actions through example, fear, admiration influence: v./n. exercise power to affect one ’ s character, beliefs or actions through example, fear, admiration 1.Don ’ t be ___ by bad examples. 1.Don ’ t be ___ by bad examples. 2.The ___ of Chinese medicine in treating the kind of disease is clear. 2.The ___ of Chinese medicine in treating the kind of disease is clear. 3.The person who ___ me most deeply in my childhood was my aunt. 3.The person who ___ me most deeply in my childhood was my aunt. 4.The amount of fertilizer you use often__ the size of a crop. 4.The amount of fertilizer you use often__ the size of a crop. 5.Climate has a great__ on people ’ s lives. It can__ the food they eat, the houses they build and the way in which they dress. And weather__ the way people feel, too. A gloomy day often makes people feel low. On the other hand, a bright sunny day__ people quite differently. 5.Climate has a great__ on people ’ s lives. It can__ the food they eat, the houses they build and the way in which they dress. And weather__ the way people feel, too. A gloomy day often makes people feel low. On the other hand, a bright sunny day__ people quite differently. 6. Einstein ’ s theory of relativity has great __ on the science. 6. Einstein ’ s theory of relativity has great __ on the science. Group discussion Group discussion 1. What made Stephan Hawking succeed in his research work? Do you believe in the power of love? 1. What made Stephan Hawking succeed in his research work? Do you believe in the power of love? 2. Can you think of anyone you know in China who has or had the same kind of courage to defy fate? 2. Can you think of anyone you know in China who has or had the same kind of courage to defy fate?

30. Group discussion 1. What made Stephan Hawking succeed in his research work? Do you believe in the power of love? 1. What made Stephan Hawking succeed in his research work? Do you believe in the power of love? 2. Can you think of anyone you know in China who has or had the same kind of courage to defy fate? 2. Can you think of anyone you know in China who has or had the same kind of courage to defy fate?

31. Assignment 1. Finish the exercises after the text in your textbook 1. Finish the exercises after the text in your textbook 2. Written work 2. Written work You are required to write sth about What can you learn from Stephen Hawking? in no less than 100 words. You are required to write sth about What can you learn from Stephen Hawking? in no less than 100 words.