2. Physics Einstein, atomic bombs, spacecraft, math
Baseballs, roller coasters, toasters, rainbows, cats
The study of the physical world, the most fundamental of the sciences.
The behavior and structure of matter.

3. Hypothesis- a conjecture to be used as a basis for further investigation
Theory- a synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested and verified hypotheses
Fact- close agreement by many competent observers of the same phenomenon.
Law- a concise statement about how nature behaves

4. The metric system The System Internationale, SI
Standards of length, time, and mass
Length: meter, m
Time: second, s
Mass: kilogram, kg
Derived units: a combination of fundamental units, such as meter per second, m/s

5. Measurement uncertainties
Precision:
the degree of exactness, is limited by the divisions on the scale
Accuracy:
how well the measure agrees with an accepted standard.

6. Good measurements
Parallax, the apparent shift in the position of an object when it is viewed from different angles.

7. Scientific Notation and Rounding
356,000,000,000
3.56 x 1011
3 x 10-10
2.38 x 108
When moving the decimal point, the exponent changes: Left – Larger Right- Reduced
53.46

8. It’s 1500 miles to Fresno, California
….EXACTLY 1500 miles???
Which numerals are significantly important in the measurement of a quantity?

9. The rules for Significant Digits
All non-zero digits are significant.
All zeros are significant unless the zeros are at the beginning of a numeral.
Examples:
? Put in scientific notation!

10. Graphing Data Independent axis: the x-axis- horizontal
Dependent axis: the y-axis- vertical
The y values depend on the x values

11. Graphing Data Linear relationship, y = mx + b Inverse relationship
y = b/x, b = rational number
Quadratic relationship
y = bx2

13. Linear Motion
Position- the location of an object relative to a reference point.
We often use the letter x to represent position.
(“x marks the spot” Sometimes we also use “d”, when position is some measured distance, d, from a reference point.
Reference point- the point from which measurements are made.

14. zero! Distance- how far something moves.
Displacement – how far something moves in a given direction.
(It’s only concerned about where you started and where you stopped, not what you did in between.)
Negative??
For example: if you take a trip all the way around the world and end up right back where you started, you traveled a great distance, but your displacement was
zero!

15. Rate- a quantity divided by time- how much something is changing in a certain amount of time
Speed- the rate at which position changes-
“how fast?” Example: 60 miles per hour- the position of a car will change 60 miles in one hour. We will use m/s most often.

16. total distance covered ÷ time interval
Average speed =
total distance covered ÷ time interval
Instantaneous speed- the speed at any instant

17. D - “delta”- a symbol that means “the change in”
the change in position, D x
Change in time, D t
Change in velocity, D v
The change in a value is the difference between the final value and the original value- “final minus original”
velocity = final velocity – original velocity
Example: a car was moving at 18 m/s and then sped up to 22 m/s. What was D v ?
D v = 22 m/s m/s = 4 m/s

18. Speed and Velocity In physics, speed and velocity are not the same!
Speed is “how fast”,
Velocity is “how fast and in what direction”.
Example: 10 m/s is a speed,
10 m/s north is a velocity

19. Displacement = velocity x time d = vt
“uniform” means “constant, unchanging”
At a uniform speed, the distance traveled is given by
Distance = speed x time
At uniform velocity, the displacement is given by
Displacement = velocity x time d = vt

20. Examples How far will you go while traveling at 23 m/s for 12 seconds?
d = vt
= 23 m/s x 12 s =
276 m

21. How long will it take to travel a distance of 240 km traveling at 12 m/s?
Convert 240 km to meters first!
240 km x = m
Rearrange the equation d = vt to solve for t
t = d ÷ v =
m ÷ 12 m/s =
20000 s

22. How far, in meters, will you go while traveling at 70 km/h for 18 seconds?
Convert to the 70 km/h to m/s first, then calculate the distance. 70
= m/s
d = vt =
19.4 m/s x 18 s =
349 m

23. Graphing Motion
The velocity of an object can be found by determining the SLOPE on a position-time graph.