1. Call to Order The war in Afghanistan has taken longer than we thought. In response, the Congress passed a law which requires mandatory military service of all citizens between the ages of 18 and 20. The President signed the law and stated that he would put his full effort into executing the law immediately. Take Out Your Homework! WHAT’S LEFT? HOW DO YOU CHALLENGE THIS LAW?!?

2. 1.What does it mean to have segregated schools? 2.How did the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) impact segregation? 3.What right does the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee citizens?

3. 4.Why does the Board of Education think the schools are “equal”? 5.Why do the Browns believe segregation schools can never be “equal”?

4. T oday’s O bjective Marbury v. Madison  Examining the Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case,  Analyzing an historical image from multiple perspectives,  Interpreting the constitutionality of laws and  Completing an exit ticket Students will be able to evaluate the effects of judicial review by

5. LIGHTENING STRIKE OF HISTORY! President John Adams is about to leave office Adams passes on the paperwork to appoint a bunch of his supporters into office THE NIGHT BEFORE he leaves One of these guys was William Marbury

6. LIGHTENING STRIKE OF HISTORY! Before the paperwork for the appointment can be delivered, Jefferson becomes President Jefferson doesn’t like Marbury and stops the papers from being delivered Without the papers, Marbury can’t take his office Marbury is ANGRY!

7. LIGHTENING STRIKE OF HISTORY! Marbury sues to have the papers delivered and the case goes before the Supreme Court The Supreme Court declares that it cannot force the papers to be delivered and that Adams’ last- minute appointment was unconstitutional.

8. Marbury v. Madison Big Idea: Judicial Review. o Established that the Supreme Court has the power of Judicial Review. o Judicial Review: The courts have the power to declare laws unconstitutional

9. Judicial Review Is all about interpreting the law.

10. What do you see?

14. Now… What do you see?

15. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as facilities were “equal”. PLESSY v. FERGUSON Do you see equality? Are these equal? The Court says YES! Even though the quality of water fountains is different, both groups have access to water and that’s “equality” in their eyes.

16. Do you see racism? BROWN v. BOARD OF ED. Are these equal? The Court says NO! The Supreme Court has changed the way it interprets “equality”. The facilities are not the same, so they cannot possibly be equal. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was illegal because separate facilities aren’t the same.

17. Interpret the Law Using what you know about the Bill of Rights, look over the following scenarios and interpret whether or not they are Constitutional. The city of Washington, DC passed a law making it illegal to own a handgun in city limits without a special permit. Mayor Fenty thinks the law will help decrease violent crime on the streets, but several citizens have complained because they want to carry guns for self-defense.

18. Interpret the Law Conservative Interpretation “It does not matter if more guns exist and are far more dangerous than they were in the past. The 2 nd Amendment says Americans have right to bear arms.” Liberal Interpretation “I understand that the 2 nd Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms, but that is outdated. Guns are dangerous and we need to decrease crime on our city streets.”