1. Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 1-Studying History

2. Academic/STAAR Vocabulary Predict Bias Potential Entity Era Phenomena Urban (urbanization) Rural Crucial Affirmative

3. Content Vocabulary Century Decade Relative Chronology Absolute chronology Primary Source Secondary Source Geography Landform Climate Absolute location Relative location Age distribution Growth rate Irrigate

4. Thinking Like a Historian History-is the study of the past.  It explains our roots.  It shows how past events have shaped our world today. In order to better understand the past, historians organize and label time periods.  Era-a period of time noted for its events, people, or other characteristics. (Middle Ages, Industrial Revolution, Texas Republic)  Century-a period of 100 years. (1800s)  Decade-a period of 10 years. (Roaring 20s=1920-1929)

5. Two ways of describing history: Relative Chronology-the order of events in relation to other events. Ex: My brother was born 1 week after we moved into our new house. Absolute Chronology-the order of events by dates. Ex: Coach Cleland was born January 01, 1901. Tools of History

6. Calendars and Time Lines: Cultures create calendars to help them track and predict events, such as seasons and holidays. Predict-to tell what might happen in the future. Calendars divide time into periods such as days, months, and years based on natural phenomena, or events Phenomena-an event that can be observed. Tools of History

7. Calendars and Time Lines: Time Lines-show a chronological sequence of events. They are useful because: Visually present an order of events. Help in understanding cause and effect. Tools of History Shows an era of Texas History

8. Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs Table-simple type of chart that presents data, or information, in rows and columns. Make information easy to understand. Organize facts therefore making comparing and contrasting easier. Tools of History Population Growth 1990-2000

9. Tools of History Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs Diagrams-can show parts of something, the steps in a process, or how something works. Help the user focus on the most important information. May omit certain details that could overwhelm the user.

10. Tools of History Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs Circle graphs-show how the whole of something is divided. They are also called Pie Charts. The different colors make information easy to identify.

11. Tools of History Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs Bar graphs-use bars to compare number visually. The bars can be displayed vertically or horizontally. They can also be used to compare items at different points in time.

12. Tools of History Charts, Diagrams, and Graphs Line graphs-use a line that shows how data changes over time. X-Axis (horizontal) usually represents time (days, years, decades). Y-Axis (Vertical) has numbers that show what is being measured.

13. Primary source-is an original record or object created at the time of an event. It may be an interpretation, or explanation, by a person who witnessed an event. Are often the best way to know what really happened. Examples include: autobiographies, journals, diaries, letters, documents/treaties, photos, newspapers, speeches, audio/video recordings, artifacts, creative works, blogs/online reviews. Analyzing Sources Texas Declaration of Independence

14. Secondary source-is a document created after the event took place. Created by a person who did not witness the event. It is someone’s interpretation of an event that took place. Examples include: histories, biographies, encyclopedias, interviews/articles, magazine articles, other books, and databases. Analyzing Sources

15. When using Primary and Secondary sources evaluate the information to determine if the source is reliable by: Consider the language being used. [key phrases “Crimes against Humanity” (WWI) “War on Terror” (Sept. 11, 2001)] Verify is the information being conveyed can be supported by other sources. Research the author’s credibility. (Were they there? Are they an expert on the matter?) Analyzing Sources

16. When using Primary and Secondary sources evaluate the information to determine if the source is reliable by: Determine if there are any bias. Bias-a preference that prevents fair judgment. Try and understand the person’s point of view by asking When did the author live? What was the author’s personal situation? What was the author’s economic status? Analyzing Sources