1. Tools of the Historian

2. Text- Western Calendar B.C.  Before Christ
Measuring Time
Text- Western Calendar
B.C.  Before Christ
A.D.  Anno Domini (in the year of the lord/events after birth of Christ)
No year 0
Why is this form of dating events sometimes disagreed upon by historians?

3. Christian oriented
B.C.E  Before Common Era (B.C.)
C.E.  Common Era (A.D.)

4. Place these dates in order
622 C.E. 776 B.C C.E B.C.E 44 B.C. 80 A.D A.D. 399 B.C.

5. Check your work
2540 B.C.E (Great Pyramid built)
776 B.C. (1st Olympics)
399 B.C. (Death of Socrates)
44 B.C. (Ides of March)
80 A.D. (Colosseum completed)
622 C.E. (Muhammad left Makkah for Madinah)
1095 A.D. (First Crusade)
1776 C.E. (Declaration of Independence)

6. Period or Eras (decades, century) Circa (c.)- around or about
Organizing Time
Period or Eras (decades, century)
Circa (c.)- around or about
Prehistory- before writing 5,500 years ago
Ancient History- c. 500 A.D.
Middle Ages/Medieval- ends at A.D.
Modern History to present

7. Sources
Primary Sources- firsthand pieces of evidence from people who saw or experienced an event
Ex-letters, diaries, official records, interviews, objects, photos, paintings, clothing, tools

8. Secondary Sources- created after the event by people who played no part in them.
Partially based on primary sources
Ex- biographies, encyclopedias, history books, textbooks

9. Analyze sources- when, where, why
Why- meant to be kept secret? Government document?
Credibility- point of view
Can be biased