1. Grammar Lesson 12 October 14, 2015 Pages 73-74 Questions 6-30 ebrazele@echs.org Tutorial: Mondays at ECHS T/TH/F at K8 room 5 (bldg. 1875 )

2. Review Noun Genders Masculine- biologically male. Uncle, father, Mr. Jones Feminine- biologically female. Aunt, mother, Mrs. Jones Indefinite- has biological gender, but gender is unclear. Friend, sibling, student, shark Neuter- no biological gender. Table, dress, anger, Wednesday.

3. Review Compound and Collective Nouns Compound- two smaller nouns used as one word or name. Ex: fingernail, doorknob, stairwell, Sea World, trouble maker Collective noun: Specifies more than one of something. Ex: Team, group, family, set, collection. Note that collective nouns are not the same as plurals. They are words which specifically tell you there is more than one. Plural nouns are any noun with an e or es attached to show plurality. For example, a plural noun would be students, but a collective noun would be class.

4. Irregular Verbs: Be, Have, and Do Be, have, and do are three of the most frequently used words in the English language. The tenses of these verbs are irregular; they do not fit the pattern of regular verbs. Therefore, we must memorize them now if we have not done so already. Verb forms often change according to three points of view: First person (I or we), second person (you), and third person (he, she, it, they, and singular or plural nouns). The next slide contains charts showing the verb forms of be, have, and do.

5. Be Present tense SingularPlural 1 st person I amWe are 2 nd person You are 3 rd person He isThey are

6. Be Past Tense SingularPlural 1 st person I wasWe were 2 nd person You were you were 3 rd person He wasThey were

7. Have Present tense SingularPresent 1 st person I haveWe have 2 nd person You have 3 rd person He hasThey have

8. Have Past Tense SingularPlural 1 st person I hadWe had 2 nd person You had 3 rd person He hadThey had

9. Do Present Tense SingularPlural 1 st person I doWe do 2 nd person You do 3 rd person He doesThey do

10. Do Past Tense SingularPlural 1 st person I didWe did 2 nd person You did 3 rd person He didThey did

11. Examples Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb. Long ago, the writers of the Constitution (past of be) aware of the limitations of Congress. (were) The word writers is plural, and the sentence is past tense (long ago). Past tense plural of “be” is were. Congress (present of have) an “elastic clause” for any situation not covered by the Constitution. (has) The word Congress is singular, and we are told to put have into present tense. Present tense singular for have is has.

12. ( Do, Does) the Constitution protect citizens from unfair legal action? (does). The word Constitution in singular, and the tense is present. Singular present tense for do is does. “Bills of attainder” (past of be) prohibited. (were) Bills of attainder is plural, and the past tense for plural of the word be is were.

13. Directions for lesson 11 Please follow all directions in the book very carefully. Read slowly, don’t skim. Ask questions! Pages 73-74 Questions 6-30 Due today