1. Plant Anatomy and Physiology

2. Early Plant Ancestors

3. All were Aquatic

4. Stipe: Holds plant upright Rhizoid: Anchors algae Chloroplast Vacuole Cell Wall Green Algae Structure

5. Chloroplast VacuoleCell Wall True Roots Stem Leaf

6. What did plants have to do to make the move to land? Put down Roots Algae absorb the water they need from surrounding; rhizoids anchor Plant roots help them absorb water and nutrients

7. What did plants have to do to make the move to land? Develop a functional stem Algae absorb what they need from their surroundings; also one cell thick Plants have a stem which transports glucose and water to the whole plant

8. What did plants have to do to make the move to land? Prevent water loss Algae live in water; no need to control water; absorb what they need Plants developed a cuticle (waxy outer layer) to prevent loss

9. What is the function of Roots?

10. Transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Structure and support

11. Two types of roots : Fibrous Mainly lateral roots branching from one main point

12. Two types of roots : Tap One main root; lateral roots extending from the tap root

13. What type of root? Fibrous

14. What type of root? Tap

15. What is the function of stems?

16. Stems are the main highway for the transport of glucose and water. Vascular tissue makes up core of stems.

17. Plant tissue: Vascular Location: Core of the stem Function: Transports glucose and water throughout plants

18. Components of Vascular Tissue: Phloem “Phloem down below em” Glucose is made in the leaves of a plant. Phloem transports glucose down throughout the plant.

19. Components of Vascular Tissue: Xylem “Xylem to the skylem” Vascular tissue is used to transport materials throughout the plant. Xylem transports water up throughout the plant

20. What is the function of leaves?

21. Leaves are the site of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which plants capture energy from the sun and carbon dioxide to make glucose

22. Leaf Structure Stem

23. Cuticle Waxy outer layer which prevents water from leaving the cell Found on the top side of leaves

24. Stomata Found on the underside of leaves They are tiny openings that allow water to move in and out the leaf.

26. Plant Tissue: Dermal Location: Outer most layer of tissue. Function: Prevent water loss and protection

27. Leaf Venation: Net venation: veins are spread out on the blade in a net. Like the network of veins in our bodies. Parallel venation: veins are lined side by side (parallel) on the blade.

29. Plant Responses: Phototropism* Plants response to light. Leaves will bend toward the light to maximum photosynthesis.

30. Gravitropism Plants response to gravity Positive Gravitropism: Roots grow down Negative Gravitropism: Stems grow against gravity

32. Thigmotropism Plants response to touch Life: Plants 4:00