1. Philosophical Origins of Independence

2. Enlightenment An 18 th century philosophical movement in Europe that focused on: 1.Rationalism & reason 2.Secularism & applying science to religion 3.The greatest good for the greatest number 4.Tolerance of opposing views 5.Freedom of thought & expression 6.Education of the masses 7.Written constitutions & due process

3. Enlightenment Examples John Locke – Government owe power to contract with people not divine right Voltaire – I may not agree with what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. Montesquieu – separation of political powers ensured freedom & liberty

4. Common Sense 1.How does Common Sense differ from the “Letters from a PA Farmer”? 2.What was it about America that made some people in 1776 so opposed to the system of monarchy? -Interesting passages?

5. Common Sense “It is the good fortune of many to live distant from the scene of present sorrow; the evil is not sufficiently brought to their doors to make them feel the precariousness with which all American property is possessed. But let our imaginations transport us a few moments to Boston; that seat of wretchedness will teach us wisdom, and instruct us forever to renounce a power in whom we can have no trust. The inhabitants of that unfortunate city, who but a few months ago were in ease and affluence, have now no other alternative than to stay and starve, or turn out to beg. Endangered by the fire of their friends if they continue within the city and plundered by the soldiery if they leave it…”

6. Declaration of Independence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg&feature=em-share_video_user Organization: Introduction Main Political & Philosophical Ideas Grievances Assertion of Sovereignty

7. Established founding ideals of: Equality, Opportunity, Rights, Democracy, Liberty

8. DoI Grievances – Annotate a few of: – economic interests – infringement of colonial self-government – violation of individual rights