1. CELLULAR MANUFACTURING

2. Definition

3. Objectives of Cellular Manufacturing  To reduce WIP inventory  To shorten manufacturing lead times  To simplify production scheduling  To reduce set-up times  To provide minimum work part handling  To reduce process variation

12. 12 Step 1:Assign binary weight and calculate a decimal weight for each row and column using the following formulas: n is the total number of rows

13. 13 Step 2: Rank the rows in order of decreasing decimal weight values. Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each column. Step 4: Continue preceding steps until there is no change in the position of each element in the row and the column.

14. 14 EXAMPLE: Consider a problem of 5 machines and 10 parts. Try to group them by using Rank Order Clustering Algorithm. Machines12345678910 M1111111111 M211111 M31111 M4111111 M511111111 Components Table 1

15. 15 Machines12345678910 Decimal equivalent M11111111111007 M211111451 M31111568 M4111111455 M5111111111020 2929 2828 2727 2626 2525 2424 23232 2121 2020 Binary weight Components Table 2

16. 16 Binary weight Machines 12345678910 2424 M511111111 2323 M1111111111 2 M31111 2121 M4111111 2020 M211111 Decimal equivalent 2827 2820282611 2929 2828 2727 2626 2525 2424 23232 2121 2020 Binary weight Components Table 3

17. 17 Binary weight Machines 15723486910 Decimal equivalent 2424 M5111111111020 2323 M11111111111019 2 M31111900 2121 M4111111123 2020 M211111115 Decimal equivalent 28 27 262011 2929 2828 2727 2626 2525 2424 23232 2121 2020 Binary weight Components Table 4

18. 18 Similarity Coefficient-Based Approaches In similarity coefficient methods, the basis is to define a measure of similarity between machines, tools, design features, and so forth and then use it to form part families and machine groups.

19. 19 Single-Linkage Cluster Analysis (SLCA): It is a hierarchical machine grouping method known as single-linkage cluster analysis using similarity coefficients between machines. The procedure is to construct a tree called a dendrogram.

20. 20 The similarity coefficient between two machines is defined as the ratio of the number of parts visiting both machines and the number of parts visiting one of the two machines: where:X ijk = operation on part k performed both on machine i and j, Y ik = operation on part k performed on machine i, Z jk = operation on part k performed on machine j.

21. 21 SLCA ALGORITHMS It helps in constructing dendrograms. A dendrogram is a pictorial representation of bonds of similarity between machines as measured by the similarity coefficients.

22. 22 The steps of algorithm are as follows: Step 1: Compute similarity coefficients for all possible pairs of machines, Step 2: Select the two most similar machines to form the first machine cell, Step 3: Lower the similarity level (threshold) and form new machine cells by including all the machines with similarity coefficients not less than the threshold value, Step 4: Continue step 3 until all machines are grouped into a single cell.

23. 23 EXAMPLE: Consider the matrix of 5 machines and 10 components given below. Machines12345678910 M1111111111 M211111 M31111 M4111111 M511111111 Components Develop a denrogram and discuss the resulting cell structures.

24. 24 Step 1: Determine similarity coefficients between all pairs of machines. Machine pairs M1 M2 M1 M3 M1 M4 M1 M5 M2 M3 M2 M4 M2 M5 M3 M4 M3 M5 M4 M5 SC0.550.300.670.700.000.830.300.000.500.40 Similarity coefficients of machine pairs

25. 25 Step 2: Select machines M2 and M4, having the highest similarity coefficients of 0.83 to form the first cell. Step 3: The next lower coefficient of similarity is between machines M1 and M5. Use these machines to form the second cell.

26. 26 Step 4: The next lower coefficient of similarity is now 0.67 between machines M1 and M4. At this threshold value machines M1, M2, M4, and M5 will form one machine group. The other possible groups will be evaluated by the same way.