1. Wars of Independence in Latin America  Due to the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon  Between 1804 and 1824  France lost Haiti  Portugal lost Brazil  Spain lost of all its American empire except Cuba and Puerto Rico  300 years of Spanish control of South America ended

2. Revolution in Haiti  1793—France abolishes slavery  Toussaint L’ Ouverture—former slave—led slave revolts against white Frenchman  1800—L’Ouverture made himself Governor-General for life  1802—Napoleon tries to keep Haiti  1804—Napoleon, busy at war with Britain, gives Haiti its independence

3. Creole Discontent  Creoles—persons of Spanish descent born in South American colonies  Resented the peninsulares—white people born in Spain, who had political advantages  Wars of independence led by Creoles in hopes of gaining equality and control of local gov’ts (juntas)  Napoleon conquered Spain and Portugal  Political vacuum in Spanish American filled by the creoles

4. The Fight for Independence p. 782  Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, New Spain, and Venezuela a. Home country b. Leader (s) of movement c. Method of achievement  Consequences of Independence