1. Old English vs. Middle English PK

3. website Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period Traditional West-Saxon spelling was becoming archaic and artificial Confusion of the endings –an, -on, -en, -um

4. Ic wille on þǽm hors hám rídan - verb infinitive I want to ride home on that horse Wé ridon tó wuda - past plural We rode to the wood Ic wille, þæt gé hám ríden – present subjunctive I want you (pl) to ride home (I want that you ride...) Hé hæfð þæt hors swíðe geriden - past participle We have ridden the horse hard Wé ridon on hwítum horsum - dative plural We rode on white horses website Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period

5. Ic wille on þǽm hors hám rídan - verb infinitive I want to ride home on that horse Wé ridan tó wuda - past plural We rode to the wood Ic wille, þæt gé hám rídan – present subjunctive I want you (pl) to ride home (I want that you ride...) Hé hæfð þæt hors swíðe geridan - past participle We have ridden the horse hard Wé ridan on hwítan horsan - dative plural We rode on white horses website Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period

6. 1053 On þisum geare wæs se cyning on Winceastre on Eastran Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Translation of this and the next slides can be found at http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/11/texts/thisyear.html http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/11/texts/thisyear.html

7. 1081 On þisum geare se cyng lædde fyrde in to Weala Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

8. 1096 On þison geare heold se cyng Wilelm his hired to Xpes mæssan on Windlesoran Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

9. 1122 On þis geare wæs se king Heanri on Cristes mæssan on Northwic Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

10. 1137 Ðis gear for þe king Stephne ofer sæ to Normandi Examples of grammatical mistakes in manuscripts towards the end of the Old English period From the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

11. 800 ic, mec, me, mín 1300 ich me mine 1400 I me mi 2000 I me my þú, þec, þe, þínþow þe þinethou thee thithou thee thy hé hine him hishe him his héo hie hire hireho hir hirscho hirshe her her hit hit him his it it hisit it its wé ús úre úswe us urewe us ourewe us our gé éow éowe éowye yow yowreye you youryou you your hí hí hira himhr hir himthey him hirethey them their Changes in personal pronouns

12. c. 959 Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum, Sy þin nama gehalgod Tobecume þin rice gewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. Urne gedæghwamlican hlaf us syle todæg, and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum. And ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele. Soþlice. c 1350 Oure fadir that art in heuenes, yhalewid be þi name; þi kyngdoom come to; be þi wille don, in erþe as in hevene. Yeve to us þis dai oure dayliiche breed and foryeyve to us oure dettis, as we foryeuen to oure dettouris; and lede uu not in to temptacioun but delyvere us fro yvel. Amen.