1. PARTS OF SPEECH REVIEW ENG 7

2. #1 THE NOUN Perhaps the words most frequently used are those that identify someone or something. These name words are called nouns. NOTES FOR NOTEBOOK: Definition – A noun is a word used to name 1)A person 2)A place 3)A thing 4)An idea taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342

3. #1 NOUNS Review Definition taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342

4. COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS (ADD TO GRAMMAR NOTES) There are two classes of nouns, proper nouns and common nouns. A proper noun names a p articular person, place, thing, or idea and is always capitalized. A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places of things and is not capitalized. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342 -343

5. COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS (ADD TO GRAMMAR NOTES) COMMON NOUNS (Any) scientist female city building continent mountains day PROPER NOUNS (Particular) Carl Sagan, Sheldon Cooper Beyonce, Michelle Obama, Heidi Klum Cairo, St. Louis, Paris World Trade Center, Buckingham Palace North America, Africa, Asia Rockies, Alps, Blue Ridge Mountains Monday, Thursday, Sunday taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 342 -343

6. COMPOUND NOUNS Two or more words may be used together as a single noun. EXAMPLES hair stylist Captain Brown Mexico City toothpick Merry-go- round taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 344

7. COMPOUND NOUNS The parts of a compound noun may be written as one word, as two or more words, or as a hyphenated word. Here are some other commonly used compound nouns. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 344 EXAMPLES volleyball newsstand news room cold front sister-in-law push-up Stratford-on-Avon

8. COMPOUND NOUNS If you are in doubt as to how to write a compound noun, you should consult your dictionary. Some dictionaries may give two correct forms for a word; for example, you may find the word vice-president written both with and without a hyphen. As a rule, use the form the dictionary list first. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 344

9. #2 THE PRONOUN Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. Definition: ​ A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345

10. #2 THE PRONOUN Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. EXAMPLE Gloria stepped back from the picture and looked at it carefully. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345

11. #2 THE PRONOUN Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. EXAMPLES 1. Where is Lois? She said she would be here on time. 2. Our teacher and Mrs. Barnes said they would go to the meeting. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345

12. #2 THE PRONOUN Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. the antecedent - “something going before.” refers to the noun on which the pronoun depends for its meaning taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 345

13. #2 THE PRONOUN Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. EXAMPLES Jill opened her book and read from it. Janet took her dog to the veterinarian. The coach showed the players how they should throw the ball. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 346

14. #3 THE ADJECTIVE You may wish to describe, or make more definite, a noun or pronoun. You then MODIFY the word by using an adjective. An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. To modify a word means to describe the word or to make its meaning more definite. An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by answering these questions: What kind?Which one?How many? taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 349-350

15. #3 THE ADJECTIVE NOTICE HOW THE BOLDFACED ADJECTIVES THAT FOLLOW ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE NOUNS MODIFIED. What kind? gray sky old shoes clever dog low price Which one? that girl next day either way last chance How many? five fingers many rivers fewer hours some problems taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350 #

16. PRONOUN OR ADJECTIVE? Notice that in the phrases in the previous slide, that, either, many, fewer, and some – Words that may also be used as pronouns – are adjectives, because they modify the nouns in the phrases rather than take the place of the nouns. The words my, your, his, her, its, our, and their are called pronouns; they are possessive forms of personal pronouns, showing ownership or relationship. Some people, however, prefer to think of these words as adjective because they tell Which one? about nouns: my sister, your book, our team, their tents. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350 #

17. NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES SOMETIMES YOU WILL FIND NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES. NOUNS crisp bacon blinding snow last December NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES Bacon sandwich Snow sculpture December sale taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350

18. NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES SOMETIMES YOU WILL FIND NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES. December sale Notice in the example above that a proper noun, December, is used as an adjective. Look at how some other proper nouns are used as adjectives: PROPER NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVES Texas chili Jackson concert Maine coast Sioux warrior Brazil nut Picasso painting taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 350 #

19. ARTICLES The most frequently used adjectives are a, an and the. The words are called articles. A and an are indefinite article; they refer to one of a general group. EXAMPLES A girl won. An elephant escaped. This is an honor. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351

20. ARTICLES A is used before words beginning with a consonant sound. An is used before words beginning with a vowel sound. This is an honor. Notice in the example above that an is used before a noun beginning with the consonant h, because the h in honor is not pronounced. Honor is pronounced as if it begins with a vowel. Remember that the SOUND of the noun, not the spelling, determines which indefinite article will be used. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351

21. ARTICLES The is a definite article. It indicates that the noun refers to someone or something in particular. EXAMPLES The girl won. The elephant escaped. The honor goes to her. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351 #

22. ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES In all of the examples you have seen so far, the adjective comes before the noun it modifies. This is its usual position in a sentence. Ms. Farrell tells all students that good workers will be given special privileges. A sweating, exhausted runner crossed the line. Sometimes, however, adjectives follow the word they modify. A dog, old and overweight, snored in the sun. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351-352

23. ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES Usually, the adjective comes before the noun it modifies. This is its usual position in a sentence. Sometimes, other words may separate an adjective from the noun or pronoun modified. Beverly was worried. She felt nervous about the play. Delighted by the news, he smiled broadly. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 351-352 #

24. THE VERB A noun or a pronoun, no matter how many modifiers it may have, CANNOT make a sentence. The noun or pronoun must act in some way, or something must be said about it. The part of speech that performs this function is the VERB. Some verbs express action and some tell something about the subject. A VERB is a word that expresses action or otherwise helps make a statement. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 354

25. ACTION VERBS Words such as do, come, go, and write are action verbs. Sometimes action verbs express an action that cannot be seen: believe, remember, know, think, and understand. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 355

26. ROUND TABLE ACTION VERBS Students take turns writing on own paper then pass it on to teammates: 1.Take your notes out of your notebook. 2.Write Action Verbs 3.Teacher announces topic / gives “think time”. 4. Each teammate writes his/her short answer to the topic on own paper then passes the paper on to the next teammate. 3. Writing continues until the teacher says stop. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 355

27. ROUND TABLE ACTION VERBS Topic: Action Verbs Try to include and underline at least five verbs that express an action that cannot be seen. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 355 #

28. LINKING VERBS Read handout and be prepared for discussion. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 356-357 #

29. LINKING VERBS Complete Exercise 8 and 9. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 357-358 #

30. VERBS Complete Exercise 10. taken from Warriners English Composition and Grammar, Third Course, p. 357-358 #