1. Cognitive processes Jakub Jura
Engineering Psychology
Cognitive processes
attention – thinking – imagination – memory – creativity – problem solving
Jakub Jura

2. What is Cognitive? From latin cognoscere = getting to know
Distinguish emotional and rational
Descarte’s „Cogito ergo sum“.
Mental processes mediate between stimulus and response.

3. Cognitive processes Base Cognitive processes:
Perception
Sensation
Attention
Thinking
Imagination
Memory
Learning
Advanced Cognitive processes
Creativity
Problem solving
metacognition

4. Neisser's cycle of perception Cognitive Ecology
Actual world
Object
available
information
Samples
Modify
Schema
of environment
Exploration
Locomotion and action
Cognitive map
Directs

5. Memory Sensory registr Short-term memory Long-term memory
George Sperling
(200 – 500 ms)
Short-term memory
George Miller
7±2 chunks
Chunking process (recoding)
Long-term memory
Hippocampus
Memory processes:
Imprint
Retent
Remember
Recognise

6. Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
R = e-t/s
R … memory retention
s … relative strenght of memory
t … time
45 %
35 %

7. Serial-positioning effect
Which of the syllable you remember easily?
Initialy
Final
Out of serial-positioning effect:
Meaningfull
Related to myself
Connected to my activity

8. Redraw this figure maximaly precisely
Memory test
How big is capacity of you visual memory?
Redraw this figure maximaly precisely

9. Memory test

10. Imaging Constructive and Reconstructive processes and eyes movement.
Imagine yellow elephant with red dots.
Imagine what did you eat last evening.

11. Experiment 3 - Mental rotationF
Experiment 3 - Mental rotation
How many times you need to read rotated sign.
Angle
Time 1 s
Time 2 R Q A L B M T
Internal and external time problem.
Time need to read the letter.

12. Completing square test11 18

13. Attention Orientation reflex Orientation activities Bourdon test
d2 test
Capacity
Fluency
Trend

14. Thinking
J. P. Guilford:
Convergent production - generation of logical conclusions from given information, where emphasis is upon achieving unique or conventionally best outcomes. It is likely that given (cue) information fully determines the outcome as in mathematics and logic.
Divergent production - generation of logical alternatives from given information, where emphasis is upon variety, quantity, and relevance of output from the same source.

15. Intelligence scale

16. Problem solving
Interconect all of this 9 point by the 4 segments of a line non-stop.

17. Phases of the creative process
Initiation
Data collection and analysis of a initial situation.
Preparation phase
Incubation
Increasing of complexity.
Multiplication of relations.
Interpretation phase.
Ilumination
Emergence of the solution.
Verification
Reintegration of peices of knowledge.

18. E. Rossi – creative phase

19. Mind Mapping
Clarification or externalization of the mental representation of the given domain.
The mind map is Tony Buzan’s mean of visualization of mental contents of a given (usually in the center of the map placed) theme.

20. Metacognition
Thinking about thinking (exactly cognition about cognition)
First-level metacognition
Second-level metacognition