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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing"— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing
PERTEMUAN 1

2 1.1 Cognitive processes A definition of cognitive psychology
the psychology of understanding and knowing study of mental processes

3 The main sequential stages of cognitive processing

4 The three main methods of studying cognitive psychology

5 1.2 Experimental psychology
The first cognitive psychologists Wilhelm Wundt (1879), the first psychology laboratory was set up by at Leipzig. Wundt’s research: perception, visual illusions. Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885), published the first experimental research on memory William James (1890), published Principles of Psychology which proposed a number of theories; a theory distinguishing between short-term working memory and long-term storage memory.

6 Gestalt and schema theories
Gestalt group (Gestalt is German for ‘shape’ or ‘form’), suggested that the perception of a whole object is more than just the sum of its component parts (Wertheimer, 1912, Kohler, 1925). Bartlett (1932), The schema theory proposes that all new perceptual input is analysed by comparing it with items which are already in our memory store, such as shapes and sounds which are familiar from past experience.

7 A shape recognised by most observers

8 The generation of schemas for comparison with new input

9 1.3 Computer models of information processing
The computer analogy Computer modelling of brain function Selfridge and Neisser (1960) feature detectors The limited-capacity processor model

10 The limited-capacity processor model
Broadbent (1958) carried out experiments on divided attention, which showed that people have difficulty in attending to two separate inputs at the same time.

11 Sensory filter theory (Broadbent)
Stimulus Sensory Register Sensory FILTER STM limited capacity LTM Response

12 Basic Information Processing
Stimulus Sensory Register STM (working Memory) LTM Response

13 1.4 Cognitive Neuropsychology
The structure and function of the brain Neuropsychology is concerned with the relationship between brain function and cognition.

14 1.5 Minds, brains and computers
The brain as an information processing device Top-down and bottom-up processing

15 Top-down and bottom-up processing


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