1. Animal Nutrition

2. Adequate Diet 1.Fuel Chemical Energy (ATP) 2.Organic Raw Materials Biosynthesis 3.Essential Nutrients Substances (e.g. vitamins) that animals can not make themselves

3. Caloric Imbalance Undernourishment Diet chronically deficit in calories Stores of glycogen and fat used up Body breaks down protein for fuel Muscles decrease in size Brain becomes protein-deficient Anorexia Nervosa Overnourishment Obesity Body normally hoards fat Excess of carbs, increase oxidation Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease MI CVA

4. Leptin Leptin: hormone found in fat cells (adipose) that suppresses appetite More fat, more leptin, less appetite Less fat, less leptin, more appetite Evolutionary advantages Feast-or-famine Gorge on fatty foods

5. Essential Nutrients Malnourished: Missing one or more essential nutrient 1.Amino Acids Insufficient amounts cause protein deficiency 2.Fatty Acids Required to make phospholipids in membrane 3.Vitamins 13 essential organic vitamins to humans Comparatively small amounts 4.Minerals Inorganic nutrients kwashiorkor