1. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-1 Chapter four Monitor a safe workplace

2. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-2 Chapter aims Select relevant OHS information, explain it and provide it to your workgroup Implement, maintain and support OHS consultative mechanisms in the workplace Assess the OHS training needs of your workgroup and, following discussion, make recommendations

3. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-3 Chapter aims (cont.) Using appropriate procedures, identify and report hazards Manage OHS risk through appropriate controls Ensure controls are implemented, monitor and evaluate effectiveness, and develop improved controls Maintain OHS records and use those records to identify hazards and evaluate controls

4. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-4 Passive communication Passive communication includes the use of: noticeboards posters and signage written procedures and manuals emails and memos talks, lectures, meetings

5. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-5 Active communication Active communication means checking that: the communication was received the message was understood the information was acted upon the action was continuous and effective

6. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-6 Effective communication What are the advantages and disadvantages of: – passive communication? – active communication? How do you check for understanding? How do you check for action?

7. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-7 Tips for effective communication As a presenter: Be clear about your purpose Keep it simple Use accessible language. Consider those from a non-English speaking background Be accurate and honest Build on what people already know Don’t overlook anybody. Ask yourself, ‘Who is away today?’

8. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-8 Tips for organising your material Structure your communication. Include: – outline and aim – body of the communication – summary Consider the different modes of learning: visual, auditory and kinaesthetic Generate as much interaction as possible. Use open-ended questions

9. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-9 OHS representatives Elected by the workgroup to represent employees and work with an employer to improve OHS outcomes Entitled to training Entitled to be consulted Powers and duties vary between jurisdictions

10. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-10 OHS committees Composed of management and workforce representatives Major consultative mechanism in larger workplaces Powers and duties vary between jurisdictions

11. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-11 Legal obligations Occupational health and safety law Other legislation such as the Dangerous Goods Act and workers’ compensation legislation Regulations Approved codes of practice

12. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-12 Compelling but not binding Advisory codes of practice Australian and New Zealand standards Advisory notes and guidelines

13. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-13 Consultation Consultation is a legal requirement. Reasons to consult include the following: – Those doing the job know the job, its hazards and how those hazards may be controlled – Consultation improves decision making – Consultation aids implementation – All feedback is useful What other reasons can you think of?

14. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-14 Risk control plan Identify the hazard Assess the risk Develop and implement controls Evaluate the controls Review the controls

15. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-15 Training A training needs analysis identifies the gap between the competencies required to do a job and the competencies an employee already possesses A training needs analysis is not performance management Look for the competencies required to do a job in the risk control plan and OHS procedures in your workplace

16. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-16 What competencies? Some of the questions you might ask What are the roles of each individual employee in the procedures for recording incidents, reporting hazards and applying hazard controls? Can they perform these roles consistently to the required standard? What do employees do when there is an emergency such as a fire. Do they know what to do―have you practised? Do employees know how to use and care for personal protective equipment?

17. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-17 Hierarchy of controls From most to least effective: 1. Elimination or substitution 2. Engineering control 3. Work practices 4. Administrative control 5. Training/education 6. Personal protective equipment

18. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-18 Active or passive controls Passive controls do not depend on people’s behaviour to be effective Active controls depend on a change in people’s behaviour to reduce the risk A control plan for a particular hazard may involve both passive and active controls

19. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-19 Other categories of controls Feedforward controls – These involve the implementation policies and procedures that control future hazards. Incorporating OHS considerations into purchasing policy can eliminate hazards before they enter the workplace Concurrent controls – Controls are partnered―each partner enhancing the effectiveness of the other. Procedures manuals that incorporate inspections can stipulate that all trained staff routinely conduct hazard identification and control inspections

20. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-20 Other categories of controls (cont.) Feedback controls – These involve the regular review of injury, incident and near miss reports to determine the cause of OHS problems and identify ways to reduce them 1. What hazard will we target for improved control? 2. What standard must we reach? 3. Measure performance 4. Compare performance to standards 5. Recognise performance 6. Adjust your standards

21. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-21 Why records are important You can measure performance You can evaluate and review hazard control to improve performance You can identify patterns and trends that can provide insight into hazard identification and risk assessment The law requires that you keep them

22. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-22 Types of records Legal – incident notification – compensation accident or incident reports – First Aid register

23. Copyright  2004 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Occupational Health and Safety by Margaret Stewart and Frank Heyes Slides prepared by Frank Heyes 4-23 Types of records (cont.) Hazard identification and risk assessment – inspection reports and checklists – accident or incident reports – performance measures – don’t overlook near misses