1. APUSH 1800-1848 Unit 4 overview Lecture 4.1 Age of Jefferson and Jackson Market Revolution Communication Revolution

3. “America is the country of the future. It is a country of beginnings, of projects, of vast designs and expectations”- Ralph Waldo Emerson 1844 American Transcendentalism- a reaction to Harvard intellectualism. The ideal spiritual state transcends the empirical and religion and relies on intuition

4. Has this philosophy influenced American intellectual life? You tell me. “Make the most of yourself for that is all there is of you.” Ralph Waldo Emerson “This American government--what is it but a tradition, though a recent one, endeavoring to transmit itself unimpaired to posterity, but each instant losing some of its integrity?” From Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau “I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law.” Martin Luther King Jr.

5. Can we boil it all down to one word?

6. The Big Political Issues 1800-1812 Party Politics -Federalists decline, Demo- Republicans rise Conflicts over judiciary and important legal precedents Jefferson’s foreign policy and domestic policy Madison finds war essential

7. Terms “Revolution” of 1800 – Jefferson thinks it’s a rev. because: it was a return to original ideas of the American Revolution What were those again? “Revolution” of 1800 – Jefferson thinks it’s a rev. because: it was a return to original ideas of the American Revolution What were those again? Counterargument – Jefferson keeps in place most federalist programs, so it wasn’t a revolution-excise tax exception What were those again? Liberty, life, popular rule, state rights Bank of USA, tariff, state debt assumption

8. “I confess that in America I saw more than America; I sought there the image of democracy itself, with its inclinations, its character, its prejudices, and its passions, in order to learn what we have to fear or to hope from its progress.” Alexis De Tocqueville Democracy in America.

9. 1815As today, the largest metropolis on the North American continent was……….. In the 19 th century, two territorially contiguous empires expanded rapidly across vast continental distances……….. How often did people bathe in 1815? How tall was the average American man Mexico USA and Russia Max-once a week 5’8””

10. What makes American Agrarians at this time unusual? Innovation and risk This was the time period of “compassionate marriage” and the synthesis of agriculture and commerce. ex. Yeoman Aaron Fuller p 44 WHGW

11. Jefferson and Foreign affairs Louisiana Purchase – Napoleon’s motives: 1. Haitian Revolution, T. L’Ouverture 2. Didn’t want to have America side with Britain, so SELL!! 3. Jefferson conflicted Lewis and Clark Expedition 2 and ½ year expedition

13. Decline of the Federalist party BUT…..who was the most important federalist of this era? Hint one: John Adams Sec of State Hint two: 4 th Supreme Justice of the Supreme Court Hint three: 1801-1835 Longest serving supreme court justice Was at the Constitutional convention ratification in Virginia Major opponent there, Patrick Henry

14. Marshall’s decisions Marbury v Madison (1803) First case where Supreme Court overruled an act of Congress – Established judicial review Fletcher v Peck(1810) First case where Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional. (Georgia land bribe case) – Slam on state rights. Increase fed. power

15. More Marshall Decisions McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – Necessary and proper clause – Supremacy clause – Can the State tax the Bank of the US? No – Is the Bank of the US constitutional? Yes States cannot impede Federal government if they are doing what is “necessary and proper” Loose Construction vs. Strict Construction

16. Strict construction or Loose Construction? State of Hawaii v Zhou (2050) In 2050 the Weist Supreme Court heard a case appealed from Hawaii’s Supreme Court. Governor Rei Thielbar was forcing inmates in state prisons to listen to the “It’s a Small World After All” song continuously in their cells. Lawyers for inmate Karen Zhou argued that this was against the 8 th amendment’s “Cruel and unusual punishment” clause. Writing for the majority, Justice Brian Weist found that the state of Hawaii did not violate the 8 th amendment and actually used the “necessary and proper clause” to deal with their discipline problems in Hawaii

17. Burr v Massachusetts State Police (2045) Harvard professor and Nobel Prize winning scientist Sarah Burr’s personal belongings were seized by the police when they mistakenly searched the wrong office (they were looking for McKenzie Eshleman’s recipe for muscle enhancement for endurance running.) While the police were in Burr’s office, they found the secret formula to cure cancer and thus did not return it, as it would benefit society and sold it on the black market to Russia. Burr is suing the state of Massachusetts for 100,000,000,000,000 dollars in property loss, since her 4 th amendment rights were violated. Chief Justice Hunter Allen finds in favor of Burr, but sites the 9 th amendment stating that a right to privacy is implied for American citizens.

18. Time machine/Synthesis Richard Nixon runs for president in 1968 saying he will appoint “Strict constructionists” to the Supreme Court, not like the “Judicial Activists” of the Warren Court. Warren court: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ended segregation in schools Engel v Vitale (1962) ended mandatory school prayer Miranda v Arizona (1966) LOOSE Construction

19. Dartmouth College v. Woodward, (1819),1819 State cannot force a private institution to become public Contract clause

20. Cohen v Virginia (1821) US Supreme Court has the right to hear cases decided by state supreme courts. Marshall upheld the decision of the court but asserted in his opinion that the ultimate authority is the US Supreme Court

21. Big issues Political issues 1812-1824 War of 1812 and long term results Development of Nationalism and economic policies Missouri Compromise Supreme court’s development Monroe Doctrine-real and symbolic significance

22. Big issues Domestic 1824-1840 Mass Democracy in 1820’s The significance of Jackson Political innovations(mass parties) and implications for society Bank war Indian policies

23. Some demographic and technology issues:1790-1960 How did Americans migrate, move and grow? Effects of early industrialization on American society New technologies in communication and transportation The Market Revolution

24. Big Social Issues 1790-1860 Religion Reform movements American Feminism Utopian experiments Achievements in arts and sciences Achievements in Literature

25. Washington Irving Innovations in publishing and transportation lead to first American who can write for a living Sketchbook-The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle

26. Examples AKA Evidence 1.American population doubles every two years 2.Economy fueled by new technologies (telegraph and railroad) growing 3.Revivalism in churches (The 2 nd great Awakening) 4.Mass democracy for the first time ANYWHERE in the world

27. But…. Everyone has a past Slavery- “A moral outrage that mocked the Republic’s claim to be a model of social and political enlightenment” David Kennedy “Mexico will poison us” Emerson

28. Important people Samuel Morse- 1844 Telegraph. From US Supreme Court to Baltimore tapped out message: “WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT”

29. Issues common in all developing countries. US 1812-1850…no exception 1.Attracting and mobilizing capital 2.How to provide municipal services 3.How to create and fund system of public education capable of delivering mass literacy 4.How to combine industrialization with decent labor conditions and hours of employment 5.How to arbitrate disputes between indigenous peoples and settlers intent on expropriating them

30. Interesting random theories about 1800-1848 Austere religion does not foster high arts of music, painting, sculpture Many political leaders at this time were newpaper men. A job at the post office was a political job. (Is the importance of newspapers declining in our society today?) The frontier was anywhere that it was difficult to get product to market

31. More random theories And the problem of what to do about the slave trade. Federal government had outlawed importation 1808. So what did this cause? Ex. Isabella p 50 WHGW

32. Treaty of Fort Jackson Aug 9 1814 How much land was Andrew Jackson really responsible For obtaining? ¾ of Alabama and Florida, 1/3 of Tennessee, 1/5 of Georgia and Mississippi, and pieces of Kentucky and North Carolina