1. 1.1 What is science?
Science is a system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge.
Science and Technology are interdependent.
Technology is the use of knowledge to solve practical problems.

2. Branches of Science Physical Science: Physics and Chemistry
Earth and Space Science: Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography, Astronomy
Life Science: Biology, Ecology, Zoology, Genetics

3. Big Ideas Space and Time Matter and change Forces and Motion Energy
-Matter has volume and mass
Forces and Motion
Energy
-Kinetic and potential

4. The goal is: to solve a problem or better understand
1.2 Scientific Approach
Scientific Method: an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communication information
The goal is: to solve a problem or better understand
Scientific method can vary from case to case.

5. Steps Observations Hypothesis Test Information obtained through senses
Proposed answer to a question
Test
Factors that change called variables
Manipulated: causes change in another (the one you change)
Responding: changes in response to the manipulated
Controlled: when one variable is changed at a time

6. Steps continued Conclusions Theory: Based on data
Well tested explanation
Scientific Law: a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature
Ex. Law of Gravity

7. Physical Science Methods
Measuring
Use measurements bases on the International System of units of the SI system
Each type of measurement has a standard to compare to

8. Measurement Descriptions and Instruments
Length
Use a ruler, the cm side
SI = meter
Mass
Measure of the amount of matter in an object
Use a balance, which measures in grams
SI = kilograms (kg)

9. Time Temperature Interval between 2 occurrences Use a stopwatch
SI = seconds
Temperature
Use a thermometer (0C)
SI = Kelvin
This scale is based on absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature

10. Irregular Solids Volume Liquid Regular Solids
Use a graduated cylinder, measures in mL
SI = L
Regular Solids
Use a ruler, then do LxWxH, unit is then cm3
SI = cm3
Irregular Solids
Place water in cylinder, read amount, drop object in, read amount, subtract the two numbers

11. Graphs Tools that make it easier to spot patterns or trends
The data can support or reject a hypothesis
Types
Line graph:
Used to show trends of how the data changed over time

12. Bar Graph Circle Graph Compares info collected by counting
How some fixed quantity is broken down into parts
Pie is total, slices represent the parts

13. X-axis: runs horizontal Y-axis: runs vertical
Manipulated variable
Y-axis: runs vertical
Responding variable

14. Practice Reading Graphs
Fig 21. Pg. 23
What is the mass at 5cm3?
What is on the x-axis?
What is on the y-axis?
Fig. 22 pg. 23
What is the flow rate at 2.0 mins?
What type of proportion is shown?
Fig. 23 pg. 24
What is the city with the most annual precipitation?
Fig. 24 pg. 24
What element is in the least percentage?
What element is in the most?