1. Health Indicators and how they affect Death Rates in Developing vs. Developed Countries Malini Sen Cori Williams Monica Neuman Jaron Abelsohn

2. Research Question  How are health system indicators in developed and developing countries related to death rates?  Sources: World Health Organization World Health Atlas. Countries were found based on the Human Development Index

3. Hypothesis  We believe that the developed countries will have lower death rates than developing countries because developed countries will have health systems that are much more capable of dealing with health issues

4. Variables  Independent: –Number of physicians per 10,000 population –Number of nurses and midwifes per 10,000 –Number of hospital beds per 10,000 –Number of total health workers per 10,000 –Per capita total expenditure on health services (int’l dollar rate) –General government expenditures on health services –Total expenditures on health services as percentage of GDP  Dependent: Death Rates

5. Independent Summary Statistics DEVELOPED COUNTRIES MeanMedianMode Stand Dev MinMaxN # of Physicians per 10,000 28.728.53410.6310625 # Health Workers per 10,000 112.510710747.16522545 Nurses and Midwifes to Physicans Ratio 3.23331.55175 # of Hospital Beds per 10,000 54.0747.56125.18221475 Per Capita Total Expenditure (int'l dollar rate) 2200.52193N/A988.4955252745 Government Expenditure as % of Total Expenditures 13.3313.5114.315235 Total Expenditure as % of GDP 8.23992.533155 Nurses and Midwifes per 10,000 83.8746244.72312225 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES MeanMedianMode Stand Dev MinMaxN # of Physicians per 10,000 0.7667110.858035 # Health Workers per 10,000 5333.9371145 Nurses and Midwifes to Physicans Ratio 5333.941145 # of Hospital Beds per 10,000 16N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A5 Per Capita Total Expenditure (int'l dollar rate) 61.873844.51980.819518565 Government Expenditure as % of Total Expenditures 9.579.5113.832205 Total Expenditure as % of GDP 5.5552.092115 Nurses and Midwifes per 10,000 4.49333.61125

6. Dependent Summary Statistics: Death Rate DEVELOPED COUNTRY: Death Rate Mean77.667 Standard Error 2.4934 Median75.5 Mode72 Standard Deviation 13.657 Sample Variance 186.51 Kurtosis-0.156 Skewness0.6828 Range51 Minimum58 Maximum109 Sum2330 Count30 Confidence Level(95.0%) 5.0995 DEVELOPING COUNTRY: Death Rate Mean430.13 Standard Error 22.413 Median429 Mode427 Standard Deviation 122.76 Sample Variance 15070 Kurtosis1.2875 Skewness0.732 Range552 Minimum199 Maximum751 Sum12904 Count30 Confidence Level(95.0%) 45.839

7. Developed Country Regression Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.48055 R Square 0.230928 Adjusted R Square 0.142189 Standard Error 0.000724 Observations30 F-value2.60233 Significance F 0.0734 Coefft-StatP-valueIntercept0.00223 4.951 6 3.82E-05 # Physicians per 10,000 pop -1.38E- 05 -0.994 0.32937 4 # Health Workers per 10,000 pop -2.55E- 06 -0.766 0.45055 6 Per Capita Expenditure 4.43E-072.758 0.01050 2

8. Developing Country Regression Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.222521541 R Square 0.049515836 Adjusted R Square -0.060155413 Standard Error 0.000804822 Observations30 F-value0.45149 Significance F 0.7184 Coeff.t-StatP-valueIntercept0.002718.84042.6E-09 # Physicians per 10,000 pop 0.000150.76770.44959 # Health Workers per 10,000 pop -1E-05-0.3350.7403 Per Capita Expenditure -4E-06-1.0770.29132

9. Park test for Heteroskedasticity Per Capita Health Expenditures were found to be significantly different from 0, because of this we have heteroskedasticity.

10. Conclusion  We support our hypothesis that developed countries will have lower death rates than developing countries  Because of the problems with the statistics for developing countries, we realize that there are other factors that we have to consider that have an affect on death rates in a developing country.

11. Thank you!