1. Shaquilla Terry Department of Public Health
Sewage System in Haiti
Shaquilla Terry
Department of Public Health
HDSC
Haiti Development
Studies Center

2. Outline HDSC Introducing the problem
History of Waste Management in Haiti
Current Means of Disposal
Existing efforts
Future implementation
Conclusion
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

3. Introduction
Haiti = most underserved country in the Western Hemisphere
In 2008, Haiti’s sanitation coverage decreased from 26% to 17%
In 2010, 85% of urban areas and 50% of rural populations had access to improved water sources
Conditions worsen after earthquake
Cholera Epidemic
Underserved water and sanitation infrastructures
Disparites in access to sanitary water sources amongst those residing in rural and urban areas of Haiti
Cholera Epidemic – discussed later in my presentation
The lack of access to sanitation services and facilities correlates with the possibility to suffer from water borne infections, diseases, and poor hygiene
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

4. History
Water supply and sanitation initiatives carried out by U.S. Military
Centrale Autonome Metropolitaine d’Eau Potable / Service National d’Eau Potable
Service National d’Eau Potable
1964 and 1977
Water sanitation and hygiene initiatives
1986
WASH = water sanitation and hygiene
Infrastructer projects – us miltary
Tonton macoutes – seized pipes supplying overpopulated areas controlled water supply and charged Haitians for water / political uprisings and violence (Duvalier)
1964 supplying metro areas outside of the capital / urban areas – contributing to the reaosn why there is a disparity between access to improved water sources
1977 – rural areas
1986- set up water supply stations to supply more than 150,000 haitians with potabledrinking water
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

5. History
National Directorate for Potable Water and Sanitation
2009
Earthquake
Cholera outbreak
2010
Potable Water and Sanitation Technicians for the Communes
Present
Serving rural and urban areas with wash
300 million dollar action plan
2010- shift focus emergency response – temp housing developments
Ministry of Public Health
Present – trained technicians
monitor rural areas water quality while promoting apporpaite hygiene skills
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

6. Current Means of Sewage Disposal
Dry toilets
Oceans
Plastic bags
Combined Water System*
Culverts, collector sewers, storm water inlets
Dry toilet
Drop hole – easiest to make / use and maintain
doesn’t require water for flushing
reuse feces for fertilzer (if properly created )
Oceans – contaimination
Combined Water System
Sanitary and water runoff converge into a single pipe
transport all waste water into sewage plan
rain causes overflow which is expected and culverts are designed to capture overflow however it is not be utlized by a treatment plant so it is not taking place
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

7. Problem HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center
Lack of sanitary water and infrastructure
Raw sewage introduced to the community
Effects on human body and environment
Lack - Sanitation – major issue in Haiti – % of urban areas and 10% of rural areas had access to improved sanitation
Les Cayes = Rural
Raw – stagnant water , mosquito breeding , contamination of ground water and soil
Effects – physical developmental reproductive
Cholera symptoms, malaira , hep a – arsenic nitrate and lead
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

8. Problem HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center
Current means of trash disposal cloge culverts which flow into channels
channels become clogged and infected
lack of access to potable water
Raw sewage coming from homes directly into streets due to the lack of a sewage treatment establishment
Not still water its sewage
Hospitals had mountains of trash and stagnant water nearby
Pets in the trash infected kids when playing
Pigs / food in trash affecting human when consuming
Stepping into raw sewage – exposure to the human body
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

9. Existing Efforts HDSC Technologies Solutions Biochemical conversion
Septic tanks
Landfills
Thermochemical conversion
Biogas/ Bio digester Toilets
Chlorination of water
WASH CDC Efforts
Haiti Toilets
National Directorate of Potable Water and Sanitation.
Ministry of Public Health and Population
United Nation’s Millennium Development Goal
Biochemical utlize bacteria to break down waste into methane and co2 – convert waste into biogas and fertilizer w/o any external energy
Thermochemical – gasification
Cholrination - killing microbes
2013 The National Plan – Diminish cholera 4 areas water and sanitation , health care services and management , epi / surviellance, and health and hygiene promotion (MSPP) 2.2 billion dollars
MDG development goals
not met for water access and sanitiation
increased from 52 to58– 76*% (access)
19- 76* (sanitation)
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

10. Plan for the Future HDSC Fall 2015 2015 and Beyond …
Create and implement a system for the city of Les Cayes that would improve the quality of water sanitation while creating job opportunities.
Increase waste management awareness
Provide sanitary sewage management
Promote sustainability of water quality, access, and control
Capstone Project - Civil Engineering Team at UML with Professor Hajduk
Evaluate the possibility of establishing a waste management system in the city of Les Cayes
Advanced seniors
Travel to ley cayes
Analyze and brainstrom and present an engineering plan involving anunderground sweage system can be implemented in the city of les cayes
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Haiti Development
Studies Center

11. Plan for the Future Street map Map of the city of les cayes
Create and implement a system for the city of Les Cayes that would improve the quality of water sanitation while creating job opportunities.
Increase waste management awareness
Provide sanitary sewage management
Promote sustainability of water quality, access, and control

12. Conclusion HDSC Quality water & Sanitation Hygiene Promotion
Social, economical, and environmenta l benefits
Decrease prevelance of infectious disease
Decrease poulltion of containment water
Promote sanitary domestic hygiene practices
HDSC
Haiti Development
Studies Center

13. References Questions? HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center
Gelting, R., Bliss, K., Patrick, M., Lockhart, G., & Handzel, T. (2013). Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene in Haiti: Past, Present, and Future. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89(4),
Haiti. (2015), from
Meegoda, J., Hsieh, H., Roderiguez, P., & Jawidzik, J. (2012). Sustainable Community
Sanitation for a Rural Hospital in Haiti. Sustainability, 4,
Waterborne Diseases A-Z List. (2015) from
Questions?
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Haiti Development
Studies Center