1. 121 vii 2009LTD-13 The Low Temperature Universe Roger Blandford Stanford SLAC KIPAC

2. Hot Young Stars 221 vii 2009LTD-13 Sun 6000 o Rigel 11000 o  Carinae 20-30,000 o Orion Nebula AB7 120,000 o

3. 321 vii 2009LTD-13 100 o Steam 373 o 0 o Ice 273 o -269 o Liquid Helium 4 o -273 o Coldest 0 o Kelvin

4. Thermodynamics- It’s the law I Energy conserved II Disorder increases III Unattainable, zero temperature 421 vii 2009LTD-13

5. Electromagnetic Waves 521 vii 2009LTD-13 300,000 km per second! Light, infrared radiation, radio waves, X-rays…. are all electromagnetic Electromagnetic waves comes in particles called photons Wavelength Energy ~ Frequency

6. 21 vii 2009LTD-136 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio (s)mm IROUVX-ray  ray High frequency Short wavelength Low frequency Long wavelength Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter

7. Gas Temperature 721 vii 2009LTD-13 Cold Slow molecules Hot Slow molecules

8. Hot Young Stars 821 vii 2009LTD-13 Sun 6000 o Rigel 11000 o  Carinae 20-30,000 o Orion Nebula AB7 120,000 o

9. Brown dwarfs, planets and … 921 vii 2009LTD-13 Pluto 40K Uranus 50K Gliese 229B 1800K

10. 1021 vii 2009LTD-13

11. 1121 vii 2009LTD-13

12. 1221 vii 2009LTD-13

13. 21 vii 2009LTD-1313 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio (s)mm IROUVX-ray  ray High frequency Short wavelength Low frequency Long wavelength Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter

14. 1421 vii 2009LTD-13

15. 1521 vii 2009LTD-13

16. 1621 vii 2009LTD-13

17. 21 vii 2009LTD-1317 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio (s)mm IROUVX-ray  ray High frequency Short wavelength Low frequency Long wavelength Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter

18. M51 “Whirlpool Nebula” 1821 vii 2009LTD-13 Hubble Herschel

19. 1921 vii 2009LTD-13

20. 21 vii 2009LTD-1320 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio (s)mm IROUVX-ray  ray High frequency Short wavelength Low frequency Long wavelength Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter

21. 2121 vii 2009LTD-13 ALMA

22. Barnard 68 2221 vii 2009LTD-13 16 K

23. 2321 vii 2009LTD-13 HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS 293K

24. 2421 vii 2009LTD-13 HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS 80K

25. 2521 vii 2009LTD-13 HELP! I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED BY ALIENS 4K

26. Cryogenic Dark Matter Search 2621 vii 2009LTD-13 50 mK

27. 21 vii 2009LTD-1327 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio (s)mm IROUVX-ray  ray High frequency Short wavelength Low frequency Long wavelength Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter

28. Microwave Background 2821 vii 2009LTD-13 240K 310K 2.7K Planck QUaD WMAP

29. 2921 vii 2009LTD-13 Neutron Stars 1 solar mass 10 km Superconductivity Superfluidity! …are very cold!

30. M87 – Virgo Cluster 3021 vii 2009LTD-13 Six billion solar masses Ten billion km

31. Hawking Radiation 3121 vii 2009LTD-13 Tiny Black Holes are Hot Big Black Holes are Cold

32. M87 – Virgo Cluster 3221 vii 2009LTD-13 Six billion solar masses Ten billion km One billion, billionth K One photon per year!

33. 3321 vii 2009LTD-13 The Universe is a Cool Place!