1. Opportunities and limits to manage SOC for improving food production under climate change Ana Iglesias UPM, Spain 1 OECD Joint Conference: Agriculture and agricultural soils facing climate change and food security challenges: public policies and practices. Sept 16, 2015, Paris

2. 2 Thank you! HORIZON 2020

3. 3 food production limits solar radiation tempera- ture precipi- tation soils management A view of the problem from the academic side

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5. 5 Source: Falloon and Betts (2010) (A, B) Changes in soil carbon content (A, kg C m−2) (B, %). from the RothC soil carbon model driven by HadCM3LC coupled climate carbon cycle model projections (Jones et al., 2005) (C) resulting changes in available water holding capacity (AWC—cm3 water per cm3 soil), Changes in AWC calculated according to Huntington (2006) by 2100 relative to 2000

6. 6 transpiration runoff rainfall irrigation top soil deep soil evaporation rizosphere

7. 7 Screening options for SOC increase: Real Learning Studies

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10. Mini till-barley (rainfed) Cost - effectiveness (€/tCO 2 e/ha) Abatement potential(MtCO 2 e) Cover crops-almond 10 Marginal abatement cost curve (MACC)

11. Benefit of adaptation Benefit of mitigation Loss of mitigation Loss of adaptation Smart measures Incoherent measures Global-only measures Local-only measures (self-benefit) 11

12. atmosphere soil crop management A view of the problem from the academic side

13. 13 Simulated maize yield response to planting date at two sites for two varieties for over 25 seasons

14. motivation peoplepolicy barriers institutions behaviour opportunities limits

15. InternalExternal DriversExtreme weather eventsEfforts by institutional org. Incr. public awarenessEfforts by the EU Recognising benefits of policyFinancial support from institutional funds Domestic political pressurePressure form NGOs Scientific researchProgress in other countries (technology) BarriersLack of political awarenessNeighbouring countries not adopting Lack of institutional capacityLack of institutional rewards Lack of financial resourcesLack of guidance by the EU Lack of time and human resources Communication and language 15 Potentially relevant variables (modified after Massey et al, 2014)

16.  Assumption: Climate policy that is effective has to be politically acceptable (does that mean supported by citizens?; is that linked to knowledge?) –Rhodes, Axsen, Jaccard (2014) –Stoutenborough, Vedlitz (2014) 16

17. potential barriers to implement SOC measures lowmediumhigh or very high 17

18. 18 ana.iglesias@upm.es