1. Steps to increase resilience of agriculture sector to current and future climate variability in Indonesia Rizaldi Boer Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia E-mail: rboer@fmipa.ipb.ac.idr or rizaldiboer@yahoo.comr

2. Indonesia is vulnerable country to climate change. At present the occurrence of extreme climate events have caused serious impact in many sectors Total loss 97/98 375 Million US$ Transportation Agriculture Forestry Economic Loss El-Nino 82/83 (Billion USD)

3. As an agrarian country where this sector as one of the most vulnerable sector to the ECE, Indonesian government has paid serious attention to this sector, how this sector could adapt or cope with to such events Many program has been implemented, however, most of the programs are more curative than preventive actions. New programs and large amount of funding was normally released after the devastating impact happened. Good adaptive capacity has not been developed yet as the magnitude of loss due to such events tended to increase

4. Banned of 57 pesticide price of rice increase, new var. release, IPM Subsidy for pesticide stop El-Nino New var. release, extensification on plantation land, IPT and agric. mechanization El-Nino Introduction of direct seeded, 1 million peat land, new regulation WS delayed, no subsidy (pressure from IMF, economic crisis) Crash irrigation program, prilled urea, price of rice increased 11%, extensification of upland rice Import (Million Ton) Rice Production (Million Ton) Policy response to Drought in Indonesia Increasing loss

5. NOTE: Historical policy responses to drought in India. Note: each represents death of one million people, each represents 50 million people affected. If water management response were introduced right after the 1979 drought, the impact of 1987 drought may not as severe as what really happened. Adopted from Subbiah (2005) Increasing loss Policy response FAILED to anticipate the future climate risks

6. Planned adaptation to future climate will be based on current individual, community and institutional behaviour that, in part, have been developed as a response to current climate (Jones et al. 2004) We need to develop planning horizon –How far into the future a risk assessment should be projected? –For how long lifetime of decision-making associated with a particular activity last? –When new policy should be introduced to mitigate the possible impact of coming ECE or climate change?

7. Communicating climate knowledge & climate information applications to increase adaptive capacity and community participations in current and future climate variability Research Agencies, Universities National and local Governments Farmers and other end users Transfer of knowledge & technology information through science and policy forum Inputs and Feed back Programs, policies, & regulations Inputs and Feed back Transfer of technologies through variety of means Sustainable system and prosperous communities Mitigation actions Adaptation actions NGOs Good incentive system Good climate forecasting system APPROACH: Engagement of Stakeholders

8. How we do it? A SMALL STEP: INCREASING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF FARMERS TO EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS THROUGH FIELD SCHOOL PROGRAM: Indramayu Case Subsistence farmers are the most severely affected by ECE

9. Number of Household based on Welfare Status The increase in number of Pra-KS (below poverty line) in 2003 was primarily due to devastating impact of drought (long dry season) occurred in 2002-2003 The increase in number of Pra-KS (below poverty line) in 2003 was primarily due to devastating impact of drought (long dry season) occurred in 2002-2003

10. CFS Development Process and Implementation Field Facilitator I (PL I) at District/Sub-district Level Research Communities and local governments Function: To translate scientific language to field language To train PL2 in technology and method (see and listen) Provide inputs to PL2 in designing detail program for project operational Field Facilitator II (PL II) at Sub-district or village level or farmer group level Function: To translate field language into farmers language To disseminate information and technology to farmers To train farmers based on learning by doing approach To facilitate and motivate farmers to adopt the technologies Farmer group and farmers family Training CFS Engaging policy makers Engaging intermediaries Engaging communities Feedback

11. Use of Climate Information Farm management system Agriculture Institutional system Partnership system Climate Information is needed for: Developing agriculture Zoning Setting up crop management strategy (determining planting time, selection of cropping system following climate forecast) and other mitigation programs Assessing market conditions, etc. Climate Information is needed for: Setting up market strategies and land allocation under a given forecast Increasing awareness of farmers to the needs for collaboration among farmers and with other stakeholders in managing climate variability Designing better strategy and coordination between govern- ment agencies in responding to climate forecast etc. Climate Information can be used for: Convincing farmers partners for collaboration by minimizing climate risk Assisting government in setting up local regulations for addressing climate variability (e.g. rice stock management under a given climate forecast, loan arrangement for farmer, etc.) Assisting government to set up budget policy to address climate related problems, etc. Increasing knowledge of end users small groups- community-institutions Need for government regulations increasing