1. Early History of Russia

2. Early Russia Muscovy Russia Territorial Shift:
Kievan & Novgorod Roots to
Moscow as center of power
Muscovy Russia

3. Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) RURIK DYNASTY
Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

4. Russian Boyars Duma Manors Agrarian Feudal Obligations
No affiliation with Rome, but like Europe…

5. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity
Russian Orthodox Church
Separated from Constantinople
Greek Influences

6. Russia in the Late 1500s Ivan IV: The Terrible Expansion
Repress Western Influences
Cultural- Eastern
Dress, mathematics, gender
Eastern View
Trade, settlement

7. Early 17th Century Russia
Time of Troubles ( )
Civil War
Michael Romanov elected
1667: Stephen Razin Rebellion
Internal Church Difficulties
Expanding territories
Mobile Society
“Plantation” economy
Centralization of Serfdom
Michael Romanov (r )

8. Serfdom v Slavery Similar
Coercive labor, agricultural production, subject to will of noble classes, movement restricted, limited resources (standard of living), hereditary status
Different
The “other” – race v common ethnicity/religion
Familial recognition – chattel slavery v familial plots
Autonomy: Communal v individual – degree of management
Impact on…
Nobles
Dependency

9. Peter the Great (r )
Enter….the reformer

10. Modern Military St Petersburg Peter's Reforms
Streltsy Uprising
Settled internal conflicts
Northern War
St Petersburg
“Window to the West”
Winter Palace
Directional Shift Again

11. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War

12. St Petersburg- Winter Palace

16. Political & Economic Changes
Autocratic Tsar & Bureaucracy
State built to support military
Holy Synod (Church as bureau of state)
Russian Mercantilism
Higher taxes, Impressments of Management & Labor, encouraged exports, Baltic fleet, commercial companies provided with government subsidies

17. Palmer – Peter’s Impact…
“The economic system rested largely on impressment of both management and labor, not on private profit and wages as the increasingly capitalist West. In this way Peter’s efforts to force Russia to a European level of material productivity widened the gap between Russia and western Europe.”

18. Social & Cultural Revolution
State Service key to status, not birth right
Education: simplification of the Cyrillic alphabet, Western scholars, scientists, engineers
Cultural changes re: etiquette, dress
Gov’t aggressively secular

20. Peter’s Impact… Autocracy & Bureaucracy Serfdom/Exploited Peasantry
Resentment of Foreigners
Europeanized upper class
End of Isolation from European-

21. The Pendulum of Russian History
Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc.
Anti-West Isolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative
A few Tsars
Intellectual elites
Merchants/businessmen
Young members of the middle class.
Most Tsars
Russian Orthodox Church
Military
Boyars
peasants
REFORM-MINDED LEADER
DEMAGOGUE