1. Check in homework – “The 1920’s Bring Social Change” Go over homework Begin PPT “Manners and Morals Change”

2. Manner and Morals Change in the 1920’s Two ways of life exist in America Rural and Urban WW I brought many changes

3. City people & small town rural people Standards of conduct were more relaxed in the cities City people were more tolerant of drinking and gambling Social relations between men and women were less carefully regulated Small town people believed city life would lead to moral decay City people felt behavior was matter of personal choice rather than public decision

4. City life was exciting Many things to do: museums, art exhibits, plays, athletic events, trade expositions New ideas in science were examined and accepted in the cities People were judged by their accomplishments rather than their social background Young men and women went to cities to find jobs After WW I, the United States was becoming an urban nation

5. Crystal Lake, IL a rural community

6. During the late 1800's and early 1900's, Crystal Lake enjoyed nationwide fame through the manufacturing of architectural terra cotta and TECO pottery. Downtown Crystal Lake has several buildings adorned with locally produced terra cotta. Ice harvesting was also big business in Crystal Lake during this time, shipping ice by rail to nearby Chicago. The advent of refrigeration brought about the decline of the ice business. Crystal Lake served as a favorite vacation and weekend spot for many Chicagoans. They arrived regularly by train to stay at the resort hotels at or near the lake. Some prominent citizens chose Crystal Lake as their full time home. Charles S. Dole, of Amour and Dole, was one of them, building an elaborate mansion on 1,000 acres overlooking the lake. The mansion was later used as headquarters for several ice companies. After laying vacant for several years, the property was sold in 1922 to the Lake Development Company with Mrs. Al "Lou" Ringling as one of the principal investors. She was the widow of the oldest Ringling Brother, of circus fame. The mansion was rejuvenated, the huge annex was constructed and thus the property was converted into the first Crystal Lake Country Club.

7. A Good Place To Live

8. Crystal Lake City Hall

9. Dole Mansion

10. Train Depot brought visitors to Crystal Lake

11. Crystal Lake was a Resort town

12. Crystal Lake

13. Crystal Lake Beach

14. Crystal Lake Fire Department

16. Fun times on the Fox River another vacation spot in McHenry County

17. Summer Fun

18. Ski Jump

19. Crystal Lake Grade School

20. Crystal Lake Bank

21. Unpaved roads in McHenry County

22. New York City

23. Fifth Avenue New York City

24. City tenement dwellers

25. 1922 Miss America Contestants

26. City people going on a -

27. Sunday Drive

28. Clash over religious matters in Dayton, Tennessee Teacher tried for teaching evolution in his biology class 1925

29. John T. Scopes was tried for teaching evolution in his high school biology class Tennessee law forbid the teaching of evolution - Darwin’s theory that humans evolved from lower life forms (apes) Fundamentalists (Creationists) who believe in a literal interpretation of the Bible were furious since they believed in the Bible’s Creation story (6 days 1 day of rest) Today this is referred to as Intelligent Design ACLU – American Civil Liberties Union hired the defense attorney(s) for Scopes The case was suppose to hinge on a teacher’s freedom to teach

30. Clarence Darrow – defense attorney Wm. Jennings Bryan – special prosecutor

31. William Jennings Bryan 1860 - 1925 Ran for president 3 times as a Democrat Secretary of State 1913-1915 Cared deeply about equality, worried that Darwin’s theories were being used by supporters of a growing eugenic movement that advocated the sterilization of “inferior stock” Evolution would also undermine the traditional religious values Bryan and his followers succeeded in getting 15 states to ban the teaching of evolution. Died six days after the trial

32. Williams Jennings Bryan In 1920, he told the World Brotherhood Congress the theory of evolution was "the most paralyzing influence with which civilization has had to deal in the last century" and that Nietzsche, in carrying the theory of evolution to its logical conclusion, "promulgated a philosophy that condemned democracy,... denounced Christianity,... denied the existence of God, overturned all concepts of morality,... and endeavored to substitute the worship of the superhuman for the worship of Jehovah."

33. Clarence Darrow 1857 - 1938 Corporate lawyer before becoming a labor lawyer and later a criminal lawyer Chicago attorney who also had an office in Harvard, IL for a brief time Famous “Leopold and Loeb” case where two wealthy Chicago teenagers (19 & 18) were accused of kidnapping and killing a 14-year-old boy Darrow argued against the death penalty for the teens and got them a life sentence.

34. Clarence Darrow He began taking criminal cases, because he had become convinced that what we are used to describing as 'the criminal-justice system' was a gigantic fraud that ruined real people's lives because they had no representation capable of defending them properly against it. “I am an agnostic; I do not pretend to know what many ignorant men are sure of”. He was 70 when he defended Scopes

35. Jury and Judge BryanDarrow John T. Scopes ?

36. The Trial and the result Reporters and photographers from big cities came to make fun of rural values and made the trial look like a circus The trial became a battle of wits between fundamentalist William Jennings Bryan, the special prosecutor and the agnostic defense attorney, Clarence Darrow Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 The verdict was later set aside by the Tennessee Supreme Court on a technicality

37. Commentary showing both views Notice the Science branch Ballyhoo Media Hype Agnostic – one who believes that God can be neither proved nor disproved

38. Anti-evolution organization

39. Clarence Darrow & Wm. Jennings Bryan

40. Crowd at the actual trial

41. Political cartoon 1925 States pass “anti” Laws Such as teaching evolution

42. Monkey’s view of humanity Chicago Defender 1925

44. The Scopes trial had its origins in a conspiracy. A trial in Dayton, TN would put it on the map and help the town whose population had dropped from 3,000 in the 1890’s to 1,800 in 1925. The Conspirators (some who hated the law against the teaching of evolution) asked Scopes (who was already violating the law by teaching evolution) if he was willing to stand for a test case. He agreed.

45. Political commentary

46. Prohibition The noble experiment An example of legislating (making laws) about morality (values) which did not allow people to use alcohol

47. Anti-Saloon League leaflet

48. Prohibition - 18 th Amendment 1/16/1920

49. Dumping alcohol

50. Prohibition: the Noble Experiment Reasons for prohibition – caused corruption, crime, child abuse, accidents on the job, etc Women and prohibition – many saw drinking as a sin Use of Alcohol did decrease during prohibition Speakeasies – places where illegal liquor was sold Bootlegger – provider of illegal liquor Al Capone Chicago gangster and bootlegger bagman

51. You could still get a prescription for alcohol from a physician

52. Breaking up stills

53. Controversy over Prohibition

55. Twenty-first (21 st ) Amendment 1933 repeals prohibition

56. Celebration 1933 Prohibition ends

57. Reasons for the repeal Organized crime grew Disrespect for the law increased Law too expensive to enforce (rise in taxes) Many felt prohibition invaded their individual rights

58. Women’s Suffrage Winning the Vote (suffrage means to vote)

59. Women Struggle for the vote

60. Men had to vote to give women the vote – there was a great deal of opposition

61. Alice Paul & Lucy Burns started a series of parades and protests

64. Militant women picketed the White House during WW I (1917)

65. Nineteenth Amendment August 26, 1920 Some states like Wyoming had already given women the vote The Anthony (19 th ) Amendment gave all women the vote Women could now be elected to public office Women took new jobs but did not receive equal pay

66. Women exercising their right to vote

67. The emancipated women Flappers Short skirts and bobbed hair drinking and smoking in public during prohibition

68. Flaming Youth

69. Flappers cross the Mexican border

70. Many were shocked by the new emancipated women

71. Women Enjoyed New Careers

72. Working women

73. Professional women with President Calvin Coolidge

74. Immigrant women working in a tenement

75. New jobs often required a higher education – University women

76. Flying Flappers Jazz Band

77. Parisian Red Heads Jazz Band

78. Margaret Sanger started the first birth control clinic She witnessed her mothers slow death after 18 pregnancies and 11 live births She became an obstetrical nurse in the slums of New York City Violated national laws by giving women and men information about reproduction

79. The American Birth Control League becomes Planned Parenthood in 1942 Margaret Sanger Quotes “No women can call herself free who does not own and control her own body” “No women can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother” After her arrest and arraignment She left for Europe to avoid serious criminal charges also due to her political activities as a Socialist

80. African American move to northern cities during WW I

81. During WW I many blacks moved to northern cities to work in factories 1.8 million blacks moved north Blacks faced considerable prejudice, discrimination, and racism in their new surroundings Blacks competed with white workers for the same jobs and were often used as strikebreakers in northern industries

82. Chicago Race Riot 1919 It was 96 degrees While swimming, a black youth strayed into the designated white swimming area He was struck in the head by a rock thrown by a white man This incident started a riot that lasted for 4 days 23 blacks & 15 whites died leaving over 500 injured Chicago – Lake Shore Drive

83. Racial tensions were already high in Chicago – The result was the Chicago Commission on Race Relations to investigate and suggest ways to improve race relations in Chicago The start of the riot

84. Brick-wielding whites in pursuit of a black victim - 1919 White gangs or “athletic clubs” actively participated in the riots without any being arrested White men stoning a black man to death

85. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

86. W.E.B. Du Bois Educator & writer One of the founders of the NAACP in 1909 Encouraged black people to strive for higher education and equality

87. Booker T. Washington Principal of the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama His non-threatening racial views, blacks should not push to attain equal civil and political rights, was popular with whites Du Bois accused him of educating blacks only to be artisans and farmers First black to dine at the White House with President Teddy Roosevelt

88. Marcus Garvey Led the back to Africa movement Coined the phrase “Black is Beautiful” To finance his colonization scheme he collected money through the mail to start a steamship company Jailed for mail fraud Deported to England when he was released

89. Ida B. Wells-Barnett Writer, educator, lecturer, and community organizer 1884 she refused to ride in the “Jim Crow” (segregated) black railroad car and was dragged out of the first-class white car Crusaded for a federal anti- lynching (hanging) law In 1927 400 blacks were lynched, 10 while wearing their WW I uniforms

90. Harlem Renaissance Nickname given to the black cultural and creative movement that developed in slum areas such as Harlem in New York City Great achievements were made in literature, art, music, dance, and drama Jazz found its way from New Orleans to Chicago spreading quickly through the nation

91. Stars of the Harlem Renaissance Louis Armstrong Bessie Smith Duke Ellington Langston Hughes author

92. Popular culture changes

93. Educating Immigrants Prior to the 1920’s most children attended School only through the Eighth grade

94. Expanded news coverage Tabloids provided ballyhoo or media hype – insignificant events blown out of proportion First weekly newsmagazine Red Grange

95. Ladies Home Journal advertisement 1928

96. Charles A. Lindbergh He made the first solo flight from New York to Paris in 1927

97. Athletes Babe Ruth Jack Dempsey Bobby Jones Bill Tilden Red Grange

98. Women Athletes Gertrude Ederle swam the English Channel Helen Wills tennis champion

99. Young women participating in sports

100. Man-of-War Horse racing was a popular spectator sport

101. Actresses Clara Bow the “It” girl She had it - sex appeal!! Mary Pickford America’s Sweetheart

102. Clara Bow – the “It” girl Precode movie industry

103. Actors Charlie Chaplin the Little tramp Al Jolson starred in the first talkie The Jazz Singer Rudolph Valentino and Gloria Swanson

104. Materialism The single minded pursuit of money and possessions The 1920’s had brought massive industrialization and the opportunity to purchase many new products and to make money Authors of the period criticized materialism

105. Authors of the 1920’s Sinclair Lewis – First American to win the Nobel Prize for literature – outspoken critic of the 1920’s (Main Street & Babbitt) F. Scott Fitzgerald – known as the spokesman for the “Jazz Age” as he revealed the negative side of the 1920’s gaiety and freedom (The Great Gatsby) Ernest Hemingway – wounded during WWI he became the best known “expatriate author”. In A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war