1. Chapter 4 Section 2 (pg.118-122) Guaranteeing Other Rights Essential Question: What voting rights have been amended into the U.S. Constitution?

2. Amendments Extend Civil Rights (pg.118-119)  Civil Rights: rights guaranteed to all U.S. citizens  Until the Civil War, the job of guarding people’s civil rights was largely left to the states  The Civil War led to additional Amendments to be added to ensure more citizens rights

3. Thirteenth Amendment (pg. 119)  13 th Amendment: “"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” pg. 74  It outlawed slavery in all states and lands governed by the United States.  Ratified in 1865

4. Fourteenth Amendment (pg. 119)  14 th Amendment: pg. 74  This Amendment overturned a 1833 Supreme Court decision that said the Bill of Rights applied to federal government not state governments  Granted African Americans full citizenship  Declared no state could take away a citizen’s “life, liberty, or property, with due process of the law”  Guaranteed every citizen equal protection under the laws  It was designed to banned discrimination  Ratified in 1868 Why did Congress pass the 13 th and 14 th Amendments?

5. Amendments Extend Voting Rights (pg.119-122)  Voting is one to most basic principles of citizenship.  In 1789, only white, male property-owning citizens could vote. This was the tradition from the previous British colonial rule era.  The original Constitution mentioned nothing about voting rights.  African Americans, poor people, and women were often ban from voting by states while other state constitution’s allow them to vote before the federal government did.  From 1870-1971, 6 Amendments have been added to extend suffrage.  Suffrage: the right to vote.

6. Fifteenth Amendment (pg. 120)  15 th Amendment: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” pg. 75  No one could be denied suffrage because of race or color.  Only applied to men.  Gave African American men the right to vote.  Ratified in 1870.  Afterwards many southern states passed laws to keep black men from voting despite this amendment.  This amendment right wasn’t ensured until the 1960s.

7. Seventeenth Amendment (pg. 120)  17 th Amendment: pg. 76  Allowed citizens to elect their state senators.  It strengthened the principle of direct representation.  It made senators accountable to voters and not other politicians.  It repealed Article 1, Section 3 of the original Constitution which called for each state legislature’s to elect the state senators.  Ratified in 1913.

8. Nineteenth Amendment (pg. 120-121)  19 th Amendment: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” pg. 77  Granted women the right to vote.  Women’s suffrage movement started in the mid-1800s with leaders like Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.  When Wyoming became part of the United States in 1890, it also became the first state to grant women the right to vote.  Ratified in 1920.

9. Twenty-third Amendment (pg.122)  23 rd Amendment: pg. 79  Gave citizens living in the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.) the right to vote for the president and vice president.  Since the 1700s, residents there hadn’t been able to vote in national elections.  Ratified in 1961.

10. Twenty-fourth Amendment (pg.122)  Banned poll tax in national elections.  Poll Tax: a tax a person has to pay to register to vote.  Some states used poll taxes to keep African American’s and other groups of citizens who were likely to poor to afford the tax from voting.  Ratified in 1964.  In 1966 the Supreme Court outlawed poll taxes in state elections.

11. Twenty-sixth Amendment (pg.122)  It allow 18 year olds the right to vote.  The previous voting age was 21.  Until this amendment 18 years olds were drafted, obligated to go to war for America, but weren’t allowed to vote.  The previous law became very controversial during the Vietnam War.  Ratified in 1971. How has the right to vote expanded over time?