1. 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Natural Selection Calculations PopulationEcosystems Populations

2. A change in the genetic code caused by chemicals or radiation

3. What is a mutation?

4. This is what survival of the fittest really means.

5. What is to have a high number of offspring that survive to maturity?

6. The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce offspring.

7. What is natural selection?

8. Only populations can do this.

9. What is evolve?

10. Organisms like insects and flowers change with respect to one another over time.

11. What is coevolution?

12. This is the formula for calculating the doubling time of a population

13. What is 70/% growth rate?

14. This is how to calculate the % growth rate if you know the (crude) birth rate and (crude) death rate.

15. What is (birth rate – death rate)/10?

16. This is the formula for determining the % growth rate if you know the total number of births and deaths in a population.

17. What is (births – deaths) divided by the total population and the answer multiplied by 100?

18. This is the doubling time of a country that has a birth rate of 24 and a death rate of 14.

19. What is 70 years? (24-14)/10 = 10/10 = 1 70/1= 70 years

20. This is the % growth rate of a population with 100,000 individuals that had 2,000 births and 1,000 deaths.

21. What is 1%? (2,000-1,000)/100,000= 1/100 (1/100) x 100 = 1%

22. This is the approximate population of the United States and the world.

23. What is 300,000,000 and 7 billion?

24. This is a density dependent control factor.

25. What is/are infectious disease, parasitism, predation?

26. This is a characteristic of a K strategist.

27. What is low biotic potential, large adult, lots of parental care, specialist, low adaptability to change, competitive, long generation times, etc.?

28. The type of population fluctuation that would happen in (a) a rain forest, (b) as a result of seasons, (c) if a predator was suddenly removed from an ecosystem (d) for no apparent reason.

29. What is an example of (a) stable population fluctuation, (b) cyclic population fluctuation, (c) irruptive population fluctuation, (d) irregular population fluctuation?

30. a. The diagram on the right b. The diagram on the left

31. What is (a) a population pyramid showing rapid growth and (b) a population pyramid showing very slow to zero growth?

32. This theory states that large islands close to a mainland would have the greatest biodiversity.

33. What is the theory of Island Biogeography?

34. This gives the total number of species in an ecosystem.

35. What is species richness?

36. This is a characteristic of an invasive species that makes them successful invaders?

37. What is high biotic potential, able to live in almost any location, able to eat almost any type of food, no natural predators, etc.?

38. Primary succession occurs in an area that has none of this to start with.

39. What is soil?

40. This results in speciation.

41. What happens when part of a population is first geographically isolated from another part of a population and then the two populations become reproductively isolated?

42. This is the maximum number of organisms that can be sustained indefinitely in an ecosystem if current conditions are maintained.

43. What is carrying capacity (K)?

44. This is the rate at which a population could grow if there were unlimited resources.

45. What is intrinsic rate of increase (r) ?

47. What is a graph of exponential growth or a J shaped growth curve?

48. Letter d

49. What is the point that represents the carrying capacity on a logistic growth curve?

50. Letter b

51. What is the point at which the growth begins to slow down?