1. 9.3- Energy transfer in air and water

2. Heat transfer Heat transfer = the movement of thermal energy from area of higher temp. to area of lower temp. Heat transfer can occur by 1.Radiation 2.Conduction 3.Convection

3. Recall Energy from Sun UV radiation High energy Visible light Infrared radiation Low energy

4. Heat transfer by radiation Radiation= emission of energy as waves When Sun’s radiation reaches Earth, matter such as land, water or air are heated up Warmed matter then -transfer its heat to cooler matter -Or re-emits heat as infrared radiation

5. Heat transfer by conduction Conduction = transfer of heat through direct contact Usually takes place in solid Think of domino effect: During conduction, hotter particles pass their energy on to cooler particles in the solid Notice particles do NOT move to the new location. They stay put.

6. Heat transfer by convection Convection = transfer of heat through movement of particles Usually occur in fluids (liquids and air) During convection: - Heated water rises to the top, forming an upward convection current - The hot water contacts cooler air at the surface - This hot water cools and sink to the bottom, forming a downward convection current.

7. Heat transfer summary video: https://www.khanacademy.org/partner- content/mit-k12/mit-k12-physics/v/heat-transfer

8. Energy transfer in the atmosphere Energy absorbed by atmosphere is unevenly distributed  Air at equator is warmer  Air at higher latitude is cooler

9. Energy transferred in the atmosphere by convection current  Air at equator heated up  Become less dense  Rises above colder air  Colder air is more dense; thus, sinks pushing the hotter air upwards  Hot air then spread out towards the poles & cool down

10. Ocean currents driven by 3 factors: 1.Prevailing winds 2. Convection 3. Uneven concentration of salts in ocean water Energy transfer in the ocean  creates surface currents moving warm water  creates deep currents

11. Thermohaline circulation: the continuous flow of water in ocean because of the differences in water temperature and salinity (salt level) If this conveyor belt is disrupted, the climate will change

12. Thermohaline circulation Warm surface water moves towards the poles as it gets -colder & -saltier due to evaporation of water and sea ice formation Colder, saltier water sinks to ocean floor Warmer surface water flows from equator to the poles to fill in the space for colder, saltier water

13. Video conveyor belt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuOX23yX hZ8 (NOA) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuOX23yX hZ8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Sd gUyLTUYkg&feature=endscreen (One ocean) http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Sd gUyLTUYkg&feature=endscreen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02NRKze mXYE (Al gore) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02NRKze mXYE

14. Learning check 1.Which of the following has the highest capacity for storing thermal energy? a. airb. metal c. large body of water (ocean)d. land 2. Which of the following is the most effective heat sink? a.airb. metal c. large body of water (ocean)d. land 3. Compared to inland regions, the climates of regions close to oceans and large bodies of water tend to be a.colder in winter and warmer in summer b.milder in winter and cooler in summer

15. P334-339 textbook