1. Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

2. MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space MATTER FACT
Water can be found naturally on earth as a solid, liquid, and a gas.
can be
can be
can be
freezes to
condenses to
solid
liquid
gas
melts to
evaporates to

3. Properties of Matter Physical Property
Any property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter
Examples
color
shape
taste
density
state/phase
D = M V

4. Properties of Matter Chemical Property
Any property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance
Examples
flammability
reactivity with vinegar
reactivity with oxygen
Iron + Oxygen  Iron oxide (rust)
2Fe + 3O2  Fe2O3

5. 5 Physical States of Matter
Bose-Einstein
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
(Newest State)

6. Kinetic Theory
All particles of matter are in constant motion

7. Temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter

8. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Exist at extremely cold temperatures (around absolute zero or -460 oF)
Particles are super unexcited
Particles lock or “clump” together so firmly that they move as a single unit
Definite shape and volume (?)

9. Solid Particles are tightly compact
Particles vibrate without the ability to move freely
Definite shape and volume
Solid Animation

10. Liquid
Particles are tightly compact, but able to move around close to each other
No definite shape, but definite volume
Liquid Animation

11. Gas Particles can easily spread out or move close together
Particle move freely and with a lot of energy
No definite shape or volume
Gas Simulation

12. Plasma
Why do you think this is the most common form/state of matter in the universe?
Exist at extremely high temperatures (several million degrees Celsius)
Particles are broken apart
Particles move freely and with extremely high energy
This form is not too common on earth, however it is the most common form of matter in the universe
No definite shape or volume?
Examples: Florescent and neon lights, lightning, aurora borealis

13. Pressure Force distributed over an area
Caused by: Collisions between particles of a gas and the walls of the container
How does the frequency of collisions affect the pressure of the gas?

14. Pressure Units

15. Factors that affect pressure:
Temperature – increase temperature = increase in pressure
Volume – reduce volume = increase in pressure
Number of particles – increase number of particles = increase in pressure

16. Atmospheric Pressure
The gas molecules closest to Earth’s surface are packed together very closely.
This means pressure is lower the higher up you go into the atmosphere.

17. Atmospheric Pressure

18. Describe what is happening using what we just learned.

19. Charles’s Law

20. Charles’s Law
A hot-air balloon floats because the air inside is less dense than the air outside.
Volume decreases with decreasing temperature.
The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature.

21. Boyle’s Law

22. Boyle’s Law
When you squeeze a fixed quantity of gas into a smaller volume the pressure goes up.
Volume is inversely proportional to pressure

23. Combined Gas Law
Relates temperature, volume and pressure

24. Practice Problem 1:
A kit used to fix flat tires consists of an aerosol can containing compressed air and a patch to seal the hole in the tire. Suppose 5 liters of air at atmospheric pressure (1 atm) is compressed into a 0.5 liter aerosol can. What is the pressure of the compressed air in the can? Assume no change in temperature or mass.

25. Practice Problem 2:
Gas stored in a tank at 273 K has a pressure of 388 kPa. The safe limit for the pressure is 825 kPa. At what temperature will the gas reach this pressure?

26. Changes in States (Physical Changes)
Plasma
Deposition
Vaporization
(Evaporation/Boiling)
Gas
Liquid
Condensation
Melting
Solid
Freezing
Sublimation
Bose-Einstein
All changes in state require a change in energy

27. States of Matter Continuum

28. Energy and the States of Matter
The physical states of matter result from the amount of energy the particles composing the matter have. Basically, more energy means more movement for the particles and less energy means less movement.
Energy/Temperature and Matter
If you were to compare an ice cube and the steam created
from boiling water, which would you think has more energy?

29. States of Matter Simulation
This is what happens when energy is added and taken away

30. Endothermic Reactions
Absorbs energy from surroundings

31. Endothermic Reactions
Energy must be absorbed as the products form.
The container in which an endothermic reaction is taking place will feel cold .

32. Exothermic Reactions Release energy to its surroundings
Energy must be released as the products form. The container in which an exothermic reaction is taking place will feel hot.

33. Endothermic or Exothermic?

34. Endothermic or exothermic?

35. Heat of Fusion Heat of Fusion: Amount of energy absorbed
Measured in joules (J)
One gram of ice absorbs 334 joules as it melts

36. Joules
A joule is the energy used by one watt going for 1 second. The penlight is about 1 watt. So turn it on for one second and you consume one joule of energy. So one joule isn't much, but 90,000,000,000,000,000 (90 quadrillion) joules is.

37. Heat of Vaporization
The amount of energy a substance must absorb to change from a liquid to a gas